系统功能视角下新闻报道的生态话语分析

doi:10.12002/j.bisu.138

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态话语分析能够反映语言和其他生态现象之间的关系,能够从意识上唤醒、引导和改变人类对环境和自然的认识。在当今社会,随着新闻媒体传播的不断深入,新闻报道不仅发挥着传递信息等社会功能,还不断改变着人们的价值观念和生活方式。作为对系统功能语言学中人际功能的发展,评价理论对于揭示文本中隐藏的意识形态至关重要。本文拟在系统功能语言学的视角下,运用评价系统的子系统——态度系统对《卫报》关于美国退出《巴黎协定》的10篇新闻报道进行生态话语分析,旨在揭示西方主流媒体关于气候及环境的意识形态,从而进一步证明评价理论对于生态话语分析尤其是意识形态揭示方面的可操作性和实用性,呼吁人们建立恰当的、有益于生存的生态哲学思想。

关键词: 新闻报道; 生态话语分析; 系统功能视角; 评价理论

Abstract:

Ecological discourse analysis can reflect the relationship between language and other ecological phenomena, and can awaken and change people’s awareness of nature and environment. Nowadays, with the deepening dissemination of news media, news reports not only carry social functions such as transmitting information, but also constantly change people’s values and lifestyles. Appraisal Theory, which is the development of SFL account of the interpersonal, is useful to reveal the ideology hidden in the text. From the perspective of Systemic Functional Linguistics, this paper analyzes ten news reports on America pulling out of the Paris Climate Change in terms of attitude system of Appraisal Theory, aiming to reveal Western mainstream media’s ideology of climate change and environment. Thus, the paper proves the operability and practicability of Appraisal Theory in ecological discourse analysis, especially in the revealing of ideology, calling for establishing an appropriate and beneficial ecosophy. Through the analysis, it can be found that the reporters of The Guardian have ecological awareness to some extent, and that they express concern about climate change, recognizing that climate change is mainly caused by improper human behavior, and advocating that the world should work together to cope with the ecological crisis. However, they overemphasize the value of human beings, and ignore other forms of life. Eco-linguists should pay attention to the ecological discourse, encouraging those discourses that are conducive to the harmonious development of ecology, and restrict those discourses that are not harmonious with ecology so as not to affect the public’s value judgments.

Keywords: news reports; ecological discourse analysis; SFL; Appraisal Theory

中图分类号:

H0-05

杨阳. 系统功能视角下新闻报道的生态话语分析[J]. 北京第二外国语学院学报, 2018, 40(1): 33-45.

YANG Yang. Ecological Discourse Analysis of News Reports from the Perspective of Systemic Functional Linguistics[J]. Journal of Beijing International Studies University, 2018, 40(1): 33-45.

图/表 1

参考文献 23

[1]	Blight G . 50 months to save the world[EB/OL]. The Guardian, , 2012 -10-01.
[2]	Cook G . ‘A pig is a person’ or ‘You can love a fox and hunt it’: Innovation and tradition in the discursive representation of animals[J]. Discourse & Society, 2015 ( 5): 587~607. DOI URL
[3]	Gerbig A . The representation of agency and control in texts on the environment[A]. In Bang J C, Døør J, Alexander RJ, Fill A, Verhagen F( Eds.) . Language and Ecology:Eco-linguistics Problems, Theories and Methods[C]. Odense:Research Group for Ecology, Language and Ideology, 1993, 61~73.
[4]	Gilquin G & Jacobs G M . Elephants who marry mice are very unusual: The use of the relative pronoun who with nonhuman animals [J]. Society & Animals, 2006 ( 1): 79~105. DOI URL
[5]	Martin J R & Rose D . Working with Discourse[M]. London & New York: Continuum, 2003.
[6]	Martin J R & White P R R . The Language of Evaluation: Appraisal in English[M]. London: Continuum, 2005.
[7]	Murata K .Pro-and anti-whaling discourses in British and Japanese newspaper reports in comparison: A cross-cultural perspective [J]. Discourse and Society, 2007 ( 6) : 741~764. DOI URL
[8]	Sealey A & Oakley L . Anthropomorphic grammar? Some linguistic patterns in the wildlife documentary series Life [J]. Text & Talk, 2013 ( 3): 399~420. DOI URL
[9]	Stibbe A . Environmental education across cultures: Beyond the discourse of shallow environmentalism [J]. Language and Intercultural Communication, 2005 ( 4): 242~260. DOI URL
[10]	Stibbe A . Ecolinguistics: Language, Ecology and the Stories We Live By[M]. London: Routledge, 2015.
[11]	戴桂玉, 仇娟 . 语言、环境、社会——生态酒店英文简介之生态批评性话语分析[J]. 外语与外语教学, 2012 ( 1): 48~52.
[12]	付瑶 . 评价系统的理论与实践研究[M]. 厦门: 厦门大学出版社, 2015.
[13]	胡壮麟, 朱永生, 张德禄, 李战子 . 系统功能语言学概论[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2012.
[14]	黄国文 . 生态语言学的兴起与发展[J].中国外语, 2016 ( 1): 9~12.
[15]	黄国文, 陈旸 . 生态哲学与话语的生态分析[J].外国语文, 2016 ( 6): 55~61. DOI URL
[16]	李杰 . 情态的表达与意识形态的体现[J].外语学刊, 2005 ( 4): 49~55. DOI URL
[17]	刘立华 . 评价理论研究[M]. 北京: 外语教学与研究出版社, 2010.
[18]	司显柱, 徐婷婷 .从评价理论看报纸社论的意识形态[J].当代外语研究, 2011 ( 11): 17~20.
[19]	王振华 .评价系统及其运作——系统功能语言学的新发展[J].外国语, 2001 ( 6): 13~20.
[20]	辛志英, 黄国文 .系统功能语言学与生态话语分析[J].外语教学, 2013 ( 3): 7~10.
[21]	杨汝福, 曲春玲 .《少年Pi的奇幻漂流》的生态话语分析[J].现代语文, 2013 ( 8): 117~119.
[22]	张淑玲, 杨虹艳 . 新闻话语中的声音表达与舆论操控研究——基于中国日报网和日本时报网对“APEC中日两国领导人会面报道”的比较研究[J].北京第二外国语学院学报, 2015 ( 12): 10~16.
[23]	赵蕊华 .系统功能视角下生态话语分析的多层面模式——以生态报告中银无须鳕身份构建为例[J].中国外语, 2016 ( 3): 84~91.

态度系统	正面（评价次数-评价对象）	负面（评价次数-评价对象）	正面：负面	总计
情感	1-地球	2-气候变化	6：10	17 （14%）
	3-美国在华官员Rank	1-特朗普
	2-《巴黎协定》	7-特朗普宣布退出协定
判断	5-使用清洁能源	2-捕猎行为	27：32	59 （50%）
	4-美国经济、环境	7-忽视气候变化
	7-应对气候问题的策略	6-全球变暖
	9-《巴黎协定》	5-特朗普对气候问题所持的立场
	2-Al Gore	12-特朗普退出协定
鉴赏	8-气候变化	7-气候问题 3-特朗普退出协定	33：10	43 （36%）
	5-《巴黎协定》
	15-解决气候变化的措施
	5-人类行为对气候的影响

态度系统	正面（评价次数-评价对象）	负面（评价次数-评价对象）	正面：负面	总计
情感	1-地球	2-气候变化	6：10	17 （14%）
	3-美国在华官员Rank	1-特朗普
	2-《巴黎协定》	7-特朗普宣布退出协定
判断	5-使用清洁能源	2-捕猎行为	27：32	59 （50%）
	4-美国经济、环境	7-忽视气候变化
	7-应对气候问题的策略	6-全球变暖
	9-《巴黎协定》	5-特朗普对气候问题所持的立场
	2-Al Gore	12-特朗普退出协定
鉴赏	8-气候变化	7-气候问题 3-特朗普退出协定	33：10	43 （36%）
	5-《巴黎协定》
	15-解决气候变化的措施
	5-人类行为对气候的影响