系统功能视角下新闻报道的生态话语分析

doi:10.12002/j.bisu.138

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态话语分析能够反映语言和其他生态现象之间的关系,能够从意识上唤醒、引导和改变人类对环境和自然的认识。在当今社会,随着新闻媒体传播的不断深入,新闻报道不仅发挥着传递信息等社会功能,还不断改变着人们的价值观念和生活方式。作为对系统功能语言学中人际功能的发展,评价理论对于揭示文本中隐藏的意识形态至关重要。本文拟在系统功能语言学的视角下,运用评价系统的子系统——态度系统对《卫报》关于美国退出《巴黎协定》的10篇新闻报道进行生态话语分析,旨在揭示西方主流媒体关于气候及环境的意识形态,从而进一步证明评价理论对于生态话语分析尤其是意识形态揭示方面的可操作性和实用性,呼吁人们建立恰当的、有益于生存的生态哲学思想。

关键词: 新闻报道, 生态话语分析, 系统功能视角, 评价理论

Abstract:

Ecological discourse analysis can reflect the relationship between language and other ecological phenomena, and can awaken and change people’s awareness of nature and environment. Nowadays, with the deepening dissemination of news media, news reports not only carry social functions such as transmitting information, but also constantly change people’s values and lifestyles. Appraisal Theory, which is the development of SFL account of the interpersonal, is useful to reveal the ideology hidden in the text. From the perspective of Systemic Functional Linguistics, this paper analyzes ten news reports on America pulling out of the Paris Climate Change in terms of attitude system of Appraisal Theory, aiming to reveal Western mainstream media’s ideology of climate change and environment. Thus, the paper proves the operability and practicability of Appraisal Theory in ecological discourse analysis, especially in the revealing of ideology, calling for establishing an appropriate and beneficial ecosophy. Through the analysis, it can be found that the reporters of The Guardian have ecological awareness to some extent, and that they express concern about climate change, recognizing that climate change is mainly caused by improper human behavior, and advocating that the world should work together to cope with the ecological crisis. However, they overemphasize the value of human beings, and ignore other forms of life. Eco-linguists should pay attention to the ecological discourse, encouraging those discourses that are conducive to the harmonious development of ecology, and restrict those discourses that are not harmonious with ecology so as not to affect the public’s value judgments.

Key words: news reports, ecological discourse analysis, SFL, Appraisal Theory

中图分类号:

H0-05

杨阳. 系统功能视角下新闻报道的生态话语分析[J]. 北京第二外国语学院学报, 2018, 40(1): 33-45.

Yang YANG. Ecological Discourse Analysis of News Reports from the Perspective of Systemic Functional Linguistics[J]. Journal of Beijing International Studies University, 2018, 40(1): 33-45.

图/表 1

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态度系统	正面（评价次数?评价对象）	负面（评价次数?评价对象）	正面：负面	总计
情感	1?地球	2?气候变化	6：10	17 （14%）
	3?美国在华官员Rank	1?特朗普
	2?《巴黎协定》	7?特朗普宣布退出协定
判断	5?使用清洁能源	2?捕猎行为	27：32	59 （50%）
	4?美国经济、环境	7?忽视气候变化
	7?应对气候问题的策略	6?全球变暖
	9?《巴黎协定》	5?特朗普对气候问题所持的立场
	2?Al Gore	12?特朗普退出协定
鉴赏	8?气候变化	7?气候问题 3?特朗普退出协定	33：10	43 （36%）
	5?《巴黎协定》
	15?解决气候变化的措施
	5?人类行为对气候的影响

态度系统	正面（评价次数?评价对象）	负面（评价次数?评价对象）	正面：负面	总计
情感	1?地球	2?气候变化	6：10	17 （14%）
	3?美国在华官员Rank	1?特朗普
	2?《巴黎协定》	7?特朗普宣布退出协定
判断	5?使用清洁能源	2?捕猎行为	27：32	59 （50%）
	4?美国经济、环境	7?忽视气候变化
	7?应对气候问题的策略	6?全球变暖
	9?《巴黎协定》	5?特朗普对气候问题所持的立场
	2?Al Gore	12?特朗普退出协定
鉴赏	8?气候变化	7?气候问题 3?特朗普退出协定	33：10	43 （36%）
	5?《巴黎协定》
	15?解决气候变化的措施
	5?人类行为对气候的影响