三语习得中的跨语言影响研究述评

doi:10.12002/j.bisu.221

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来,三语习得已经被视为不同于二语习得的独立研究领域,引起了越来越多研究者的关注。三语习得中的跨语言影响更是学者们关注的热点问题之一。本文聚焦于心理语言学和生成语言学两个关键视域下三语习得研究中的跨语言影响研究,探讨跨语言影响发生的层面,分析跨语言影响的来源、因素和作用,并总结主要研究方法,评析现有研究中存在的不足,以期对我国三语习得研究和教学有所启示和帮助。

关键词: 三语习得; 跨语言影响; 述评; 心理语言学; 生成语言学

Abstract:

Third language acquisition has been regarded as a unique phenomenon and should be studied as an independent field, which has attracted the attention of more and more researchers in recent years. Research on third language acquisition has focused on different areas of the complex phenomenon of language acquisition. Among the areas that have received more attention, cross-linguistic influence has been one of the hottest issues of concern. This paper briefly summarizes and reviews cross-linguistic influence in third language acquisition from the perspectives of psycholinguistics and generative linguistics. The authors mainly explore various levels of cross-linguistic influence and analyze the primary sources of cross-linguistic influence. Then the reasons for the occurrence of cross-linguistic influence (including the linguistic factor and the learners’ factor) and effects of cross-linguistic influence are analyzed in this paper. The parameter resetting and initial state are discussed from the perspective of generative linguistics. Subsequently, this paper makes a list of the common research methods and analyzes the weaknesses in this field in terms of theory construction, research content and methods. It is expected that this research on cross-linguistic influence in third language acquisition will be conducive to better understanding third language acquisition and promoting its development, and provide new insight into the research of third language acquisition and the teaching of third language in China.

Keywords: third language acquisition; cross-linguistic influence; review; psycholinguistics; generative linguistics

中图分类号:

徐锦芬,杨柳. 三语习得中的跨语言影响研究述评[J]. 北京第二外国语学院学报, 2019, 41(3): 32-44.

Jinfen XU,Liu YANG. Review of Research on Cross-linguistic Influence in Third Language Acquisition[J]. Journal of Beijing International Studies University, 2019, 41(3): 32-44.

参考文献 43

[1]	Bardel C & Falk Y . The role of the second language in third language acquisition:The case of Germanic Syntax[J]. Second Language Research, 2007,23(4):459~ 484.
[2]	Bardel C & Falk Y . The L2 status factor and the declarative/procedural distinction[C]//Amaro J C,Flynn S & Rothman J. Third Language Acquisition in Adulthood. Amsterdam:John Benjamins, 2012: 61~ 79.
[3]	Berkes É & Flynn S . Further evidence in support of the cumulative-enhancement model[C]//Amaro J C,Flynn S & Rothman J. Third Language Acquisition in Adulthood. Amsterdam:John Benjamins, 2012: 143~ 164.
[4]	Cenoz J . The effect of linguistic distance,L2 status and age on cross-linguistic influence in third language acquisition[C]// Cenoz J,Hufeisen B & Jessner U. Cross-lingual Influence in Third Language Acquisition: Psycholinguistic Perspective. Cleverland: Multilingual Matters Ltd, 2001: 8~ 20.
[5]	Cenoz J . Towards Multilingual Education:Basque Educational Research from An International Perspective[M]. Bristol: Multilingual Matters, 2009.
[6]	Cenoz J . The influence of bilingualism on third language acquisition: Focus on multilingualism[J]. Language Teaching, 2013 , 46:71~ 86.
[7]	Cenoz J & Gorter D . Multilingual Education:Between Language Learning and Translanguaging[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.
[8]	Cenoz J, Hufeisen B & Jessner U . The Multilingual Lexicon[M]. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.
[9]	Cenoz J & Jessner U . English in Europe:The Acquisition of A Third Language[M]. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 2000.
[10]	De Angelis G . Interlanguage transfer of function words[J]. Language Learning, 2005,55(3):379~ 414.
[11]	De Angelis G . Third or Additional Language Acquisition[M]. Toronto: Multilingual Matters, 2007.
[12]	De Angelis G & Selinker L . Interlanguage transfer and competing linguistic systems in the multilingual mind[C]// Cenoz J,Hufeisen B & Jessner U. Cross-lingual Influence in Third Language Acquisition: Psycholinguistic Perspective. Cleverland: Multilingual Matters Ltd, 2001: 42~ 58.
[13]	Flynn S, Foley C & Vinnitskaya I . The cumulative-enhancement model for language acquisition:Comparing adults’ and children’s patterns of development in first,second and third language acquisition of relative clauses[J]. International Journal of Multilingualism, 2004,1(1):3~ 16.
[14]	Foote R . Transfer in L3 acquisition:The role of typology[C]//Leung Y K I. Third Language Acquisition and Universal Grammar. Clevedon:Multilingual Matters, 2009: 89~ 114.
[15]	Fouser R J . Too close for comfort? Sociolinguistic transfer from Japanese into Korean as an L3[C]//Cenoz J,Hufeisen B & Jessner U. Cross-linguistic Influence in Third Language Acquisition:Psycholinguistic Perspectives. Clevedon:Multilingual Matters, 2001: 149~ 169.
[16]	Francis W S & Gallard S L K . Concept mediation in trilingual translation: Evidence from response time and repetition priming patterns[J]. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2005,12(6):1082~ 1088.
[17]	Gabryś-Barker D . Cross-Linguistic Influences in Multilingual Language Acquisition[M]. London: Springer, 2012.
[18]	Hall C J, Newbrand D, Ecke P, Sperr U, Marchand V & Hayes L . Learners’ implicit assumptions about syntactic frames in new L3 words:The role of cognates,typological proximity,and L2 status[J]. Language Learning, 2009,59(1):153~ 202.
[19]	Hammarberg B . Roles of L1 and L2 in L3 production and acquisition[C]//Cenoz J,Hufeisen B & Jessner U. Cross-linguistic Influence in Third Language Acquisition:Psycholinguistic Perspectives. Clevedon:Multilingual Matters, 2001: 21~ 41.
[20]	Herdina P & Jessner U . A Dynamic Model of Multilingualism:Perspectives of Change in Psycholinguistics[M]. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 2002.
[21]	Hermas A . The categorization of the relative complementizer phrase in third language English: A feature re-assembly account[J]. International Journal of Bilingualism, 2014,19(5):587~ 607.
[22]	Hufeisen B . A European Perspective: Tertiary languages with a focus on German as a tertiary language [C]// Rosenthal J. Handbook of Undergraduate Second Language Education. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 2000: 209~ 229.
[23]	Jaensch C . L3 enhanced feature sensitivity as a result of higher proficiency in the L2 [C]//Leung Y K I. Third Language Acquisition and Universal Grammar. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 2009: 115~ 143.
[24]	Jessner U. Linguistic Awareness in Multilinguals:English as A Third Language[M]. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2006.
[25]	Jin F . Third language acquisition of Norweigian objects: Interlanguage transfer of L1 influence [C]//Leung Y K I. Third Language Acquisition and Universal Grammar. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters Ltd, 2009: 144~ 161.
[26]	Jordà M P S . Third Language Learners:Pragmatic Production and Awareness[M]. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 2005.
[27]	Klein E . Second versus third language acquisition: Is there a difference?[J]. Language Learning, 1995(3):419~ 466.
[28]	Leung Y K I . Third Language Acquisition and Universal Grammar[M]. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 2009.
[29]	Llama R, Cardoso W, Collins L . The roles of typology and L2 status in the acquisition of L3 phonology : The influence of previously learnt languages on L3 speech production[J]. International Journal of Multilingualism, 2009,7:39~ 57.
[30]	Paradis M . Declarative and Procedural Determinants of Second Languages[M]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2009.
[31]	Pavlenko A & Jarvis S . Bidirectional transfer[J]. Applied Linguistics, 2002,23:190~ 214.
[32]	Ringbom H . Lexical transfer in L3 production[C]//Cenoz J,Hufeisen B & Jessner U. Cross-linguistic Influence in Third Language Acquisition:Psycholinguistic Perspectives. Clevedon:Multilingual Matters, 2001: 59~ 68.
[33]	Ringbom H . Cross-linguistic Similarity in Foreign Language Learning[M]. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 2007.
[34]	Rothman J . Linguistic and cognitive motivations for the Typological Primacy Model (TPM) of third language (L3) transfer:Timing of acquisition and proficiency considered[J]. Bilingualism:Language and Cognition, 2015,18(S2):179~ 190.
[35]	Sánchez L . L2 activation and blending in third language acquisition:Evidence of crosslinguistic influence from the L2 in a longitudinal study on the acquisition of L3 English[J]. Bilingualism:Language and Cognition, 2015,18(S2):252~ 269.
[36]	Simon E & Leuschner T . Laryngeal systems in Dutch,English,and German:A contrastive phonological study on second and third language acquisition[J]. Journal of Germanic Linguistics, 2010,22(4):403~ 424.
[37]	Slabakova R . The scalpel model of third language acquisition[J]. International Journal of Bilingualism, 2017,21(6):651~ 665.
[38]	Slabakova R & Mayo M P G . The L3 syntax-discourse interface[J]. Bilingualism:Language and Cognition, 2015,18(S2):208~ 226.
[39]	Tremblay M C . Cross-linguistic influence in third language acquisition:The role of L2 proficiency and L2 exposure[J]. Ottawa Papers in Linguistics, 2006,34:109~ 111.
[40]	Vinnitskaya I, Flynn S & Foley C . The acquisition of relative clauses in a third language:Comparing adults and children[C]//Liceras J M,et al. Proceedings of the 6th Generative Approaches to Second Language Acquisition Conference (GASLA 2002):L2 Links. Somerville,MA:Cascadilla Proceedings Project, 2003: 340~ 345.
[41]	Wei L X . Activation of lemmas in the multilingual mental lexicon and transfer in third language learning[C]//Cenoz J, Hufeisen B, Jessner U. The Multilingual Lexicon. Springer Netherlands, 2003: 57~ 70.
[42]	Westergaard M, Mitrofanova N, Mykhaylyk R & Rodina Y . Crosslinguistic influence in the acquisition of a third language:The linguistic proximity model[J]. International Journal of Bilingualism, 2017,21(6):666~ 682.
[43]	Williams S & Hammarberg B . Language switches in L3 production:Implications for a polyglot speaking model[J]. Applied Linguistics, 1998,19(3):295~ 333.