As a complex syntactic phenomenon，island effects has long been controversial. T-G grammar approaches the phenomenon from the perspective of EC and adjacency principles but fails to explain all categories of island effects and the different move patterns for arguments and non-arguments advocated from the perspective of T-G are also disputable．The experimental studies confirms that island effects are syntactic anomalies but makes little contribution to clarifying its specific mechanism．The present study approaches the phenomenon from the perspectives of both empty position and syntactic and semantic ambiguities．

In the 1970s，Transformational Generative Linguistics suggested that linguistics shared some of the attributes of biology， which was accepted by many bio-linguists．By reviewing the development of Chomskian linguistics, the author promotes that biolinguistics is the destination of Chomskian linguistics; which finished the transfer by Chomsky’s introducing Evo-Devo theory into linguistics. The article concludes that the development of biolinguistics is the result of co-research of biology and neuro-psychology. Biolinguistics is on the stage of infant period, so it is difficult to explain the role of the gene and environment on language and language acquisition.

According to the relevant studies，metaphor is taken as the only cognitive mechanism that underlies the spatialization of TIME．However，we hold that apart from the metaphor mechanism，the metonymy mechanism and the cooperating metaphor and metonymy mechanism also contribute to the spatialization of TIME．This study reveals that the spatialization of TIME is not strictly equal to the spatial metaphorization of TIME．In some cases，metonymy not only works independently on the spatialization of TIME，but it also cooperates with metaphor in this process．In this way，TIME assumes the semantic features of SPACE．

In Systemic Functional Grammar，modality is considered an important set of resources for the expression of interpersonal meaning and can be realized by modal verbs，modal adjuncts，expansion of the predicator and modal metaphors，etc．Since interpreting is an act of meaning exchange involving three parties，the reproduction of interpersonal meaning in the TL is essential to the success of interactions．The paper，adopting a systemic functional approach，analyzes the modal patterns of interpretation of a Chinese Premier’s press conference and calls for attention to the importance of skillful manipulation of various modal devices in reproducing the SL’s interpersonal nuance and thus achieving parallel communicative effect in the TL．

As a leading medium of spreading Western learning in the late Qing Dynasty，the publication of translated works plays a vital role in the introduction of Western science and culture, bringing about great social changes in China．By analyzing the social and historical contexts of such publishing upsurge，the paper attempts to explore the causes，significance and limitations of the translation as a form of mass media, providing a paradigmatic basis for the study of mass media in today’s information society．

This paper delves into the philosophical thought of Robert Morrison on Bible translation in terms of translation ethics，criteria and strategies. It is found that as the first translator who translated the full-length Bible into Chinese in China, Morrison views loyalty to God as an ethic for Bible translation. With respect to translation criteria, he seeks to reproduce faithfully the source text which he deems as“Word of God”. In the meantime, he adopts a“perspicuous”, "simple”, and “idiomatic” style that is similar to the combination of the style of Zhu Xi’s commentaries on the Chinese Classics and that of Three Kingdoms to appeal to the lower middle class. In translating God into Chinese，he abandons the use of Tianzhu to avoid any association with Catholicism which was then banned in China and adopts a translation strategy which provides several alternative names in the translation of God until one is deemed the most appropriate through the practice of the missionaries.

Since the title of a film serves a guiding role，its translation necessarily determines  the appeal of a film to the audience． Based on Hatim’s theory of intertextuality，this paper aims to explore the operating mechanism of intertextuality in film title translation and translation strategies through analysis of intertextuality in film titles and the corresponding translation．The author holds that in the translation of film titles translators should adopt such translation strategies as abstraction and concretization with enhanced consciousness of intertextuality, and properly  handle the maintenance and transference of intertextual reference so as to achieve the best result．

Lady Mary Wroth’s Pamphilia to Amphilanthus，the first Petrarchan sonnet sequence written by a woman writer in the English literary history，was a valuable attempt in the genre traditionally considered male．Focusing on the subject matter“love”，with reference to the social and personal contexts in which the sonnet sequence was produced，the paper explores how the poet’s writing is influenced by women’s passive and objectified position in love and marriage in general，and how she manages to form her own subjectivity by upholding the concept of “constancy”in particular．However，“constant lover”，the image self-fashioned by the poet as a desiring subject，fits well in with the social and ethical discourses of objectifying women in early modern England，which though legitimates the behavior of subject formation by a woman，actually undermines the subject constructed by the poet herself．

The narratives of the true history（the first history）are often defined as“secondary history”which records，changes and places the first one for political，cultural reasons．The secondary history of America characterizing struggle and democracy has mythologized many figures and incidents in history．People become hostages of the pseudo environment created in their views towards the world．Philip Roth demythologizes the secondary history of America and demonstrates the process how the fates of people are seized、controlled，or even destroyed by it in American Pastoral．Moreover，his profound thoughts on the relationships between individual fates and American history ultimately contribute to his turning in literature creating．

Based on the theories of literary culturology and from a cultural perspective，this paper aims to interpret Season of Migration to the North，a famous novel by Tayeb Salih．Attempt is also made to explore the innovative significance and problem awareness of the novel，analyze the plight in the identity construction of the protagonist from the perspectives of colonial history，ethnic conflicts and emotional entanglement，with focus on the inner experiences of the protagonist as the tradition culture of his own ethnic group encounter the powerful Western cultures，so as to further explain the development of the protagonist’s mentality．An analysis of the cultural context of early Sudanese literary works will help to delve into the cultural conflicts between the East and the West as well as the issue of ethnic cultural inheritance in the transitional period of Arab society，in order to correctly understand the historical attributes of literary works in this period．

This article intends to research the static drama of Ödön von Horváth. Ödön von Horváth is an Austrian and Hungarian German dramatist, who is one of the most important German dramatists of the 1920s and 1930s. By analyzing the numerous“stillness”this article attempts to show a kind of static drama besides Maurice Maeterlinck’s and Антон Чехов’s works and digs the reason from the perspective of social criticism, aiming to enrich and deepen the theory of modern drama.

The Awakening，the masterpiece of Kate Chopin, tells the story of Edna, the heroine of the novel who is unwilling to become the slave of her family and walks out to pursue love and career．From the perspective of Mirror Theory advocated by Lacan, the French structural psychoanalyst，we are able to analyze the difficult life of Edna who constructs her“self”in the patriarchal society: her identification with the“Mirror”of the patriarchal society leads to the alienation of her“self”，and not being able to find the right way out in the lives of the“Others”，she has to discard her female self-awareness and live like a man. As she is trapped by the distorted“Mirror”, Edna fails to construct a true“self”.

Being the Best Picture of Oscar in 2007，No Country for Old Men depicts a complicated runaway-chasing story among a cowboy，a killer and a sheriff in the 1980s．With the combination of the social change and transformation theories，this thesis takes advantage of the psychoanalysis and text analysis to demonstrate their psychological changes during 1970s~1980s．The thesis is going to present Americans’ psychology and morality during this period；meanwhile，the deficiency of national morality and spiritual construction is also revealed by indicating the overemphasis on economic prosperity and material abundance．