Abstract: The narratives of the true history（the first history）are often defined as“secondary history”which records，changes and places the first one for political，cultural reasons．The secondary history of America characterizing struggle and democracy has mythologized many figures and incidents in history．People become hostages of the pseudo environment created in their views towards the world．Philip Roth demythologizes the secondary history of America and demonstrates the process how the fates of people are seized、controlled，or even destroyed by it in American Pastoral．Moreover，his profound thoughts on the relationships between individual fates and American history ultimately contribute to his turning in literature creating．

Keywords: demythologization; the first history; the secondary history; pseudo environment

摘要： 对客观历史（第一历史）再现式的叙述常常被称为“第二历史”。“第二历史”不但记录和保存着“第一历史”，同时出于政治、文化等需要，还不断改动甚至取代着“第一历史”。美国的“第二历史”既是奋斗史和民主史，也是一部对无数历史人物和事件进行了神话化加工处理的“第二历史”。在这种被神话化的“第二历史”形成的“拟态环境”中，大多数公众长期浸淫于其中并受其约束，对于“第一历史”的认知会发生偏差而成为“第二历史”的人质，并受其控制。菲利普·罗斯的《美国牧歌》通过看似平凡的家庭故事，聚焦了美国“第一历史”被神话化为“第二历史”后，对个人命运的夺取、控制甚至毁灭的过程。同时以此为契机，罗斯对美国“第二历史”进行了去神话解读，而他这种对个人命运与美国历史之间关系的深刻思索同时也成就了其文学创作的转向。

关键词: 去神话, 第一历史, 第二历史, 拟态环境