波兰语义学派的最新发展：语义分子理论及其应用

doi:10.12002/j.bisu.362

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

波兰语义学派的语义分子理论以自然语义元语言理论为基础,是当代认知语义学中的一种新范式。其背后的哲学思想可以追溯到17世纪德国哲学家莱布尼茨的理性主义传统。本文旨在介绍波兰语义学派的最新发展,重点探讨语义分子理论的学术基础、语义分子的界定及其在词汇语义阐释中的应用。语义分子理论有助于我们重新理解词汇结构,更好地描写语义依存性及其相互关系,为研究者进行更为深入的相关研究提供借鉴,从而进一步丰富这一领域的研究内容。

关键词: 语义分子理论; 波兰语义学派; 自然语义元语言; 认知语义学

Abstract:

As a new paradigm within contemporary cognitive semantics, semantic molecules theory is based on natural semantic metalanguage (NSM) approach, advanced by Anna Wierzbicka, founder of the Polish Semantic School. The core ideas behind the NSM approach can be traced back to the seventeenth century German philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz’s philosophical tradition of rationalism. This paper aims to introduce the latest developments in the Polish Semantic School, focusing on its discussion of the academic basis of semantic molecules theory, its definition and application of the theory in lexical semantic explication. The theory of semantic molecules leads to new ways of understanding vocabulary structure and depicting semantic dependencies and interrelationships. It is hoped that this introduction to semantic molecules theory will offer valuable suggestions for future in-depth research and that it will enrich the research on the Polish Semantic School.

Keywords: semantic molecules theory; Polish Semantic School; natural semantic metalanguage; cognitive semantics

中图分类号:

H030

Cliff Goddard, 李炯英, 钱夏璐. 波兰语义学派的最新发展：语义分子理论及其应用[J]. 北京第二外国语学院学报, 2021, 43(6): 18-33.

Cliff Goddard, Li Jiongying, Qian Xialu. Latest Developments in Polish Semantic School: Semantic Molecules Theory and Its Application[J]. Journal of Beijing International Studies University, 2021, 43(6): 18-33.

图/表 2

参考文献 33

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手、嘴、眼、头、耳、鼻、脸、腿、牙、手指、乳房、皮肤、骨、血 hands、mouth、eyes、head、ears、nose、face、legs、teeth、fingers、breasts、skin、bones、blood	身体—部位 Body-Parts
长的、圆的、扁的、薄的、硬的、软的、锋利的、光滑的、重的、甜的、看上去像 long、round、flat、thin、hard、soft、sharp、smooth、heavy、sweet、looks like	物理的 Physical
在某东西上面、在顶部、在底部、在中间、在前面、在周围 be on something、at the top、at the bottom、in the middle、in front of、around	空间的物理的 Spatial/Physical
天空、地球、太阳、月亮、地面、在白天、在晚上 sky、the Earth、sun、moon、ground、during the day、at night	环境的 Environmental
火、水 fire、water	火与水 Fire and Water
生灵、生长、鸡蛋、尾巴、翅膀、羽毛 a creature、grow、egg、tail、wings、feathers	生物的 Biological
出生、儿童、男人、女人、母亲、父亲、妻子、丈夫 be born、children、men、women、mother、father、wife、husband	生物社会学的 Biosocial
认识（某人）、被称为 know (someone)、be called	认知命名 Knowing and Naming
拿拎、做、杀、玩、笑、唱 hold、make、kill、play、laugh、sing	行为活动 Actions/Activities

手、嘴、眼、头、耳、鼻、脸、腿、牙、手指、乳房、皮肤、骨、血 hands、mouth、eyes、head、ears、nose、face、legs、teeth、fingers、breasts、skin、bones、blood	身体—部位 Body-Parts
长的、圆的、扁的、薄的、硬的、软的、锋利的、光滑的、重的、甜的、看上去像 long、round、flat、thin、hard、soft、sharp、smooth、heavy、sweet、looks like	物理的 Physical
在某东西上面、在顶部、在底部、在中间、在前面、在周围 be on something、at the top、at the bottom、in the middle、in front of、around	空间的物理的 Spatial/Physical
天空、地球、太阳、月亮、地面、在白天、在晚上 sky、the Earth、sun、moon、ground、during the day、at night	环境的 Environmental
火、水 fire、water	火与水 Fire and Water
生灵、生长、鸡蛋、尾巴、翅膀、羽毛 a creature、grow、egg、tail、wings、feathers	生物的 Biological
出生、儿童、男人、女人、母亲、父亲、妻子、丈夫 be born、children、men、women、mother、father、wife、husband	生物社会学的 Biosocial
认识（某人）、被称为 know (someone)、be called	认知命名 Knowing and Naming
拿拎、做、杀、玩、笑、唱 hold、make、kill、play、laugh、sing	行为活动 Actions/Activities