句法-音系的交互与汉语韵律层级理论研究

doi:10.12002/j.bisu.149

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

语言之间具有共性特征,但也存在一定的差异。在语音表征方面,体现为个别音位的差异;而在音系表征方面,主要体现在音位组合模式和韵律模式的不同。韵律结构的系统研究,一直是西方音系学理论研究的课题之一。英汉两种语言在韵律模式上的区别主要体现在音节、音步和节奏模式等方面。通过对韵律音系学及韵律层级理论的回顾和考察,尤其是与目前汉语韵律层级结构理论框架的对比分析,笔者认为,韵律层级观可以用来解读句法对音系变化,尤其是韵律变化的制约作用。汉语韵律结构存在Nespor & Vogel（2007）所提出的韵律层级普遍规则,也符合其有关韵律严格分层的假说。当然,汉语韵律结构层次的分析也为韵律结构层次理论提供了强有力的支持性论据。

关键词: 韵律音系学; 韵律层级理论; 韵律成分; 音系—句法接口; 普遍原则

Abstract:

There are universal features between languages, but there are also certain individual differences. In the aspect of phonetic representation, it lies in the difference of individual phonemes; while in terms of phonological representation, it mainly manifests in the differences between the phoneme combination mode and the prosodic mode. The systematic study of prosodic structure has always been one of the subjects of the study of phonological theories in the west. The difference between English and Chinese languages in prosodic patterns is chiefly displayed in syllables, feet and rhythm patterns. Through the review and investigation of the theory of Prosodic Phonology and Prosodic Hierarchy Theory, especially the comparative analysis of the different Chinese Prosodic Hierarchical frameworks and theories, it is considered that Prosodic Hierarchy Theory can be applied to interpret that syntax has some restriction on the change of the phonological system, especially the prosodic features. Moreover, the prosodic hierarchy of Chinese prosodic structure shares some commonality with the universals proposed by Nespor & Vogel, and it is also consistent with the hypothesis of strict layer hierarchy. The analysis of Chinese prosodic structure can definitely provide a strong support for the universality of the theory of prosodic structure.

Keywords: prosodic phonology; prosodic hierarchy theory; prosodic component; phonology-syntax interface; universal principle

中图分类号:

H012

赵永刚. 句法-音系的交互与汉语韵律层级理论研究[J]. 北京第二外国语学院学报, 2018, 40(2): 23-44.

Yonggang ZHAO. Theoretical Studies on the Interaction at Syntax-Phonology Interface and Chinese Prosodic Hierarchy[J]. Journal of Beijing International Studies University, 2018, 40(2): 23-44.

图/表 8

图1 直接参照论（Seidl,2001）

图2 间接参照论（Seidl,2001）

图3 韵律层级线性结构图（Nespor & Vogel,1986：16）

图4 韵律层级树形图

图5 韵律层级格律栅

图6 汉语韵律层级系统内部的构成要素及相互关系

图7 汉语普通话韵律层级结构树

图8 阶层式多短语语流韵律HPG韵律单位架构图（Tseng,2010）

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