北京第二外国语学院学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (12): 1-.

• 语言学研究 •    下一篇

论语言科学研究中的实证主义

刘国辉   

  1. 上海海事大学外国语学院 上海 201306
  • 收稿日期:2014-09-09 出版日期:2014-12-31 发布日期:2018-03-20
  • 作者简介:刘国辉(1963~ ),男,四川人,博士,上海海事大学外国语学院教授,主要研究方向为认知语言学、语用学和英汉对比研究等。
  • 基金资助:

    本文系2012年度国家社科项目(项目批准号:12BYY126)部分成果。

On the Positivism of Linguistic Science Research

Liu Guohui   

  1. Shanghai Maritime University,Shanghai 201306,China
  • Received:2014-09-09 Online:2014-12-31 Published:2018-03-20

摘要: 语言学作为一门科学,若从具有实证性质的历史比较语言学算起,其出现较晚。不过,从乔姆斯基形式语言学以来得到了空前重视。遗憾的是其科学性还没得到充分体现,主要在于它关注理性本族语者的直觉意识,重演绎性的数理逻辑。然而,现实的自然语言并非如此具有理性和逻辑性。为此,若要真正揭示语言的实质,我们的研究方法必须科学合理并符合研究对象的实际,需要考虑3个基本问题:语料量、语言共性和认知神经基础。而这些问题正好需要3个不同维度的实证,它们就是语料库、类型学和认知神经科学,因为它们共同构成一个内外结合的实证体系。同时,注意后实证主义中的人文性存在。

关键词: 语言科学; 实证主义; 后实证主义

Abstract: Linguistics,as a kind of science,appears rather late if considered from the positive period of historical comparative linguistics.However,great attention has unprecedentedly been paid to it from the period of Chomsky’s formal linguistics.Unfortunately,its scientificity not fully displayed,results from the fact that it has chiefly focused on rational native speakers’ intuition and deductive mathematical logic.The natural language is yet not always the case with rationality and logicality.Thus,to uncover the very essence of human language,our research methodology must be scientifically reasonable and conform to language in actual situations.In this manner three basic issues need to be taken in account:corpus quantity,linguistic universality and cognitive neural foundation.Correspondingly such aspects constitute three positive dimensions,they are respectively linguistic corpus,linguistic typology and cognitive neuroscience,for they construct a sort of interiorexterior positive system for our research.Meanwhile we must be alert to the humanities underlying in post-positivism in the process of linguistic empirical research.

Keywords: linguistic science; positivism; post-positivism