关键词: 语言科学; 实证主义; 后实证主义

Abstract: Linguistics，as a kind of science，appears rather late if considered from the positive period of historical comparative linguistics．However，great attention has unprecedentedly been paid to it from the period of Chomsky’s formal linguistics．Unfortunately，its scientificity not fully displayed，results from the fact that it has chiefly focused on rational native speakers’ intuition and deductive mathematical logic．The natural language is yet not always the case with rationality and logicality．Thus，to uncover the very essence of human language，our research methodology must be scientifically reasonable and conform to language in actual situations．In this manner three basic issues need to be taken in account：corpus quantity，linguistic universality and cognitive neural foundation．Correspondingly such aspects constitute three positive dimensions，they are respectively linguistic corpus，linguistic typology and cognitive neuroscience，for they construct a sort of interiorexterior positive system for our research．Meanwhile we must be alert to the humanities underlying in post-positivism in the process of linguistic empirical research．

Keywords: linguistic science; positivism; post-positivism