关键词: 实证主义; 现实主义; 正义战争; 新兴资产阶级的代表人物

Abstract: Polish realistic literature was born in the second half of the 19th century. It is well known that Poland was carved up and occupied by the three countries of Tsarist Russia, Prussia, and Austria, and it used to be suffered from a long national oppression. In January of 1863, the famous National Uprising of Polish People against Russian broke out at Warsaw, the capital of Poland which was occupied by Tsarist Russia at that time. Because of the influence of the uprising, the Russian occupiers announced the Emancipation of Serfs in the occupation area in the following year. The capitalism has developed rapidly after the Emancipation of Serfs in the Kingdom of Poland, but the national and class oppression was still very serious, some famous realist writers exposed the darkness of the reality comprehensively in their works. At the same time, they inspired and motivated the Polish people to fight against the oppressors in the spirit of national heroism in order to win the liberation of the Polish nation and Polish people. These writers advocated the ideas of patriotism and democratism in the series of classics in the history of Polish literature, it has great practical significance not only in Poland but also in today’s society.

Keywords: Positivism; Realism; Just war; representative figures of the emerging bourgeoisie