Zhang Jingjing. On the Spirituals and Racial Memory in The Souls of Black Folk[J]. Journal of Beijing International Studies University, 2015, 37(8): 47-.
[1]Rampersad, Arnold. The Art and Imagination of W. E. B. Du Bois[M]. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1976.
[2]Allen, William Francis. Slave Songs of the United States [M].New York : A.Simpson&Co., 1867.
[3]Sundquist, Eric. To Wake the Nations : Race in the Making of American [M]. Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press, 1992.
[4]Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the life of frederick douglass[A]. In William L. Andrews( ed.). Classic American Autobiographies[C]. New York : Signet Classics, 2003.
[5]Hegel. The Philosophy of History[M]. New York : Dover, 1956.
[6]Roach, Hildred. Black American Music:Past and Present[M]. New York : Crescendo Publishing Co., 1976.
[7]Sartre, Jean-Paul & MacCombie, John. Black Orpheus [J]. The Massachusetts Review, Vol. 6, No. 1 (Autumn, 1964 - Winter, 1965):13—52.
[8]Borges, Jorge Luis. Labyrinths : Selected Stories and Other Writings[M].New York : New Directions, 1988.
[9]Reading, J. Sunders. To Make A Poet Black[ M]. Cornell University Press, 1988.
[10]Nora, Pierre. Between memory and history : Les lieus de memoire [J]. Trans. M. Roudebush. Representations, 1989(26): 7—25.
[11]Coleridge, Samuel, Taylor. Twenty-Four Negro Melodies[M]. Boston: O. Ditson Co., 1905.
[12]Morrison, Toni. Rootedness : The Ancestor as Foundation[A]. In Mari Evans( ed.). Black Women Writers(1950– 1980): A Critical Evaluation[C]. Garden City, N.Y. : Anchor Books, 1984.
[13]Smith, Virginia Whatley. They Sing the Song of Slavery[A]. In Dolan Hubbard( ed.). The Souls of Black Folk: One Hundred Years Later[C]. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2003.
[14]W.E.B Du Bois. Du Bois:Writings[M]. New York : Literary Classics of the United States, Inc., 1986.
[15]杜波依斯. 杜波依斯自传[M]. 邹得真译. 北京: 中国大百科全书出版社,1996.
[16]杜波依斯. 黑人的灵魂[M]. 维群译. 北京:人民文学出版社,1959.
[17]赫伯特• 马尔库塞. 爱欲与文明[M]. 黄勇,薛明译. 上海译文出版社,1987.
[18]莫里斯• 哈布瓦赫. 论集体记忆[M]. 毕然,郭金华译. 上海人民出版社,2002.
[19]施咸荣. 美国黑人奴隶歌曲[J]. 美国研究,1990(1): 58—62.
[20]曾梅. 新奇、瑰丽、多彩的乐章——非洲史诗传统[J]. 外国文学研究, 2006(5):150—157.