北京第二外国语学院学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 45-61.DOI: 10.12002/j.bisu.497

• 语言学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

我国语言管理思想的历时演进

滕延江1(), 王立非2()   

  1. 1.鲁东大学外语学院,264025
    2.北京语言大学高级翻译学院/国际语言服务研究院, 100083
  • 收稿日期:2023-01-30 出版日期:2024-02-28 发布日期:2024-02-29
  • 作者简介:滕延江,博士,鲁东大学外语学院,264025,研究方向:语言教育、语言服务。电子邮箱:tengyanjiang@126.com
    王立非,博士,北京语言大学高级翻译学院/国际语言服务研究院教授,博士生导师,100083,研究方向:应用语言学、商务英语、语言服务。电子邮箱:philipw@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家语言文字工作委员会“十三五”科研规划重大项目“新时代中国特色语言管理理论建构研究”(ZDA135-16)

The Diachronic Evolution of Language Management Ideology in China

Teng Yanjiang1(), Wang Lifei2()   

  1. 1. Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
    2. Beijing Language and Culture University, Beijing 100083, China;
  • Received:2023-01-30 Online:2024-02-28 Published:2024-02-29

摘要:

西方学者认为,语言规划不仅包括自上而下的政府行为,还应包括基层及个体自下而上的行为,后者同样重要,也可以影响语言的现实应用。因此,他们在语言规划与语言政策实践的基础上发展了语言管理这一概念。我国从古至今一直重视语言的规划管理工作,尽管没有提出语言管理的概念,但在实践中却有着朴素的语言管理思想,推动我国的语言文字事业不断向前发展。本文从语言管理这一概念的内涵出发,简要回顾了我国古代、近代及新中国成立后的语言管理工作,发现语言管理在不同历史时期承担了不同的使命,呈现出不同的特点:古代主要以官方自上而下的语言管理为主,参与主体较为单一;近代语言管理的多元主体参与性增强,基层声音受到重视;新中国成立后,语言管理被提升到国家战略的高度,自上而下与自下而上的管理并重,从组织语言管理逐渐向和谐语言管理、生态语言管理的方向迈进。

关键词: 语言管理; 中国语言管理; 语言政策; 语言规划; 历时演进

Abstract:

Language management, a theory developed by Western scholars based on language planning and language policy practice, maintains that language planning is not only operated in a top-down manner by the government but also in a bottom-up manner from grassroots elements, the implications of which can affect the practical application of a language. Since ancient times, China has attached considerable importance to the planning and management of language. Although an official concept of language management has not formally been proposed in China, it has actually been employed in practice, which has promoted the advancement of China’s language issues. Starting from the connotations of the concept of language management, this paper briefly reviews the language management practice in ancient China, modern China, and in the era after the founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and characterizes the language management traits and functions across these different historical periods. In ancient China, language management was predominately implemented in a top-down manner without much involvement of grassroots elements. In modern China, multiple stakeholders jointly participated in the management of the language issues. After the founding of the PRC, language management was elevated to the national strategic level with both the top-down and the bottom-up approaches being adopted. These changes represent a gradual shift from organizational language management, to harmonious language management, and finally to ecological language management.

Keywords: language management; Chinese language management; language policy; language planning; diachronic evolution

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