从轻动词的层级制图看兼语句的生成机制

doi:10.12002/j.bisu.557

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文以句法制图理论为框架，从轻动词结构的层级制图角度出发，认为兼语句可以分为致使类兼语句和原因类兼语句两类，均由轻动词的上域和下域组成，每个轻动词域各代表一个事件，上下域的外部轻动词构成了一条语义链。其中，致使类兼语句两个外部轻动词形成的语义链为CAUSE-BECOME，原因类兼语句两个外部轻动词形成的语义链为DO-FOR，从而证明了兼语句的底层结构在本质上是相同的，实现了对兼语句的统一分析。同时，通过对兼语句微观层面的考察，本文提出兼语句“身兼两职”的句法成分实质上是第一个事件的受事题元与第二个事件的施事题元在音系层面上同音删略的结果，体现了语言的经济性原则。

关键词: 句法制图; 轻动词层级; 致使类兼语句; 原因类兼语句; 同音删略; 经济性原则

Abstract:

Based on the paradigm of syntactic cartography, or more specifically the cartography of light verbs, this paper proposes that Chinese pivotal constructions can be reclassified into two types: causative pivotal constructions and causal pivotal constructions. Both types of constructions consist of two light verb zones, namely upper and lower zones. Each zone contains two layers of light verbs: an internal light verb layer and an external light verb layer. The external light verbs in the upper and lower zones form semantic chains. Specifically, the semantic chain of causative pivotal constructions is “CAUSE-BECOME”, while the semantic chain of causal pivotal constructions is “DO-FOR”. Furthermore, it is argued that various Chinese pivotal constructions share a universal underlying structure, thus facilitating a unified analysis. Following this reasoning, the so-called “pivotal” element in Chinese pivotal constructions is the result of haplology, as the Theme in the first event and the Agent in the second event are phonologically identical. Consequently, no violation of the theta criterion occurs. Syntactic cartography provides a useful tool to “zoom in” on a detailed map of the syntactic structure to account for the interaction between the complexity of the surface structure and the simplicity of the underlying structure to reveal the principle of economy in human language in more detail.

Keywords: syntactic cartography; cartography of light verbs; causative pivotal constructions; causal pivotal constructions; haplology; principle of economy

中图分类号:

H146.3

胡皓月, 何宏华. 从轻动词的层级制图看兼语句的生成机制[J]. 北京第二外国语学院学报, 2024, 46(6): 133-150.

Hu Haoyue, He Honghua. On the Derivation of Pivotal Constructions in Terms of the Cartography of Light Verbs[J]. Journal of Beijing International Studies University, 2024, 46(6): 133-150.

图/表 11

图1 “我请他来”的底层结构

图2 “我请他来”的句法推导过程

图3 “领导表扬他们干劲大”的底层结构

图4 “领导表扬他们干劲大”的句法推导过程

图5 “他洗干净衣服了”中的轻动词场（司富珍，2018：16）

图6 致使类兼语句的语义链

图7 原因类兼语句的语义链

图8 “我请他来”中的轻动词场

图9 “领导表扬他们干劲大”中的轻动词场

表1 致使类兼语句的轻动词场分布

轻动词的上域	外部轻动词	CAUSE
轻动词的上域	内部轻动词	DO/BE
轻动词的下域	外部轻动词	BECOME
轻动词的下域	内部轻动词	DO/BE

表2 原因类兼语句的轻动词场分布

轻动词的上域	外部轻动词	DO
轻动词的上域	内部轻动词	DO/BE
轻动词的下域	外部轻动词	FOR
轻动词的下域	内部轻动词	DO/BE

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