This paper looks into the two outstanding American flms named Thelma and Louise and The Joy Luck Club produced in 1990s. From the sociological perspective and by means of a positivist approach, it comparatively analyses the different female roles, personal characters, codes of conduct, psychological traces and life destinies as are revealed in the flms concerned. Thus it is intended to show the huge interactions between flms as  important socio-cultural media and American socio-culture per se. The  treats of  the  female  roles and  their social encounters re?ect many aspects of  the American social movements  (e.g.  feminism) and hot social  issues during  that historical span．Such multi-angled expression of the American flms in 1990s bears a signifcant impact on the feminist ideas in general.

Using more and less diffcult textual reading materials distracted by English and Chinese irrelevant words，the present study aims  to examine  the inhibiting capacity and  reading efficiency of EFL  learners with different cognitive styles．The  results  indicate  that：（1）cognitive style and reading  task diffculty has signifcant  interactive  impacts on  inhibiting competence and reading effciency．Although feld–independent  learners are  found  to be more skillful  in suppressing distracting  information and exhibits higher  reading effciency  than  the group of feld-dependent  learners on a global basis signifcant group differences only exists on  the  tasks of high diffculty  levels；（2）the language  type of word distracters  is observed  to play different roles  in inhibiting competence subject  to changes of  task diffculty and specifc cognitive style．Field-dependent  learners are signifcantly  less effcient  to suppress Chinese distracting words  than English distracters when reading more diffcult texts．

The law of the substitution of co-referential expressions is a basic principle of classic logic；however，it is faced with many problems．Frege holds  that  intensional context  invalidates  this principle；Russell seeks a solution  to  its  identity paradox with his description theory；Wittgenstein totally negates the validity of the principle，regarding it as pseudo．This paper argues for the validity of the principle． The discussion shows  that  the arguments of Frege，Russell and Wittgenstein can be  falsified．As a matter of  fact，intensional context  is external to a proposition．When it is introduced into the proposition it becomes an integral part of it，and there is no change of truth value when co-referential expressions are substituted so long as the proposition is one and the same，i. e．the law of identity is obeyed．

Considering traditional dictionaries’ failure in accounting for language in use，this paper，from the perspective of Generative Lexicon （GL），aims at exploring dynamic meanings of English verb pour and  thus providing an  interpretation of  its contextual use．This paper deals with four types of constructions that the verb pour can enter and then semantic compatibility that their compositional elements should keep．First，the verb and preposition select  their arguments via generative mechanism of argument selection．In addition，compositional noun’s qualia structure exerts  its effect on  the verb’s  logic polysemy and  its syntactic behavior，such as verb of creation，verb of substance emission， verb of  throwing，etc．that  the verb pour  is specifed with and［N1 V N2］，middle construction as well．It  is also pointed out that the precedence principle should be considered when we observe semantic compatibility．

The beginning of  language evolution  researches can be  traced back  to ancient Egypt．After a  review of  the  researches，the article fnd that most of the ancient researches on language evolution are stories about the origination of language．In the 17~18th centuries， some bio-linguists would explain language evolution by exploring  the relationship between human brain and  language development．While  in the 19th century，the scientists began  to comparatively  research  the development of human  language with animal  language development．In the 21st century，linguists  try  to unearth  the language evolution by gene researches．In all，a combination of biology，genealogy，computer science and neuroscience will be needed in future researches on the language evolution．

As important reading materials for children to absorb literary knowledge and to broaden their horizons，translated children’s literature plays a vital  role  in  the development of children’s  language．Awkward and  strange expressions  in  translation will pollute  their language，while vivid，clear and smooth  language will greatly benefit  them．It  is held  that  the principle of“clarity and smoothness”in expression can be used as a feasible criterion for  the translation of children’s  literature. With  the example of Captains Courageous by Rudyad Kipling，the frst English-language writer  to win  the Noble Prize  in Literature，the author will use  the above mentioned criterion  to appraise some translated versions of the novel and point out the problem of “translationese” in them．

Chinese gong’an stories，a genre similar  to Western detective stories，have  their distinctive narrative mode．This paper aims to discuss effective strategies of translating them for Western readers in the light of narrative mode．It begins with an examination of the origin and defnitions of the Chinese notion “gong’an xiaoshuo” and a brief overview of published European-language translations of classical Chinese detective stories．In the light of the basic differences in narrative point-of-view between Chinese gong’an stories and Western detective stories，we examine how Dutch sinologist Robert Van Gulik skillfully adapted and rewrote the original narrative mode to conform to that of Western detective stories．It is concluded that the Westernization of narrative mode in the translation process can help Chinese gong’an fction “walk toward the world”．

This paper classifies modernity  into enlightenment modernity，aesthetic modernity &  translation modernity, and makes clear  the macro and micro  reflection of  foreign  literature  translation  in  the May Fourth Era, which will help us understand  the  translators’ identification， choice and acceptance of various  foreign  literature genres,  in addition  to  that, which will significantly help us understand the disputes between different societies,  the shift of  translation  trends，and  the  in?uence of  foreign  literature  translation on modern Chinese literature.

In 1939，Lin Yutang published his  first English novel Moment in Peking  in America．The novel was popular among English  readers and was soon  translated  into Spanish，Italian，German，Japanese，Chinese and other  languages．This paper aims  to study the  translation and  reception of Moment in Peking  in China．It  is proposed  that  the Chinese version of  the novel should be  revised or even retranslated．

This paper tries to address the innate anti-Romantic impulse of Edinburgh Review，reaching out for the political implications hidden behind  the  literary  taste and values．Studying English  literature  from  the perspective of Cultural Studies，it points out  that Edinburgh Review，along with other  literary  journals，took part  in  the battle  for cultural hegemony between bourgeoisie and aristocracy．Edinburgh Review manipulated  the mainstream  literary discourse  in  the early years of  the 19th century  in Britain．With  the aesthetic  ideology of  the bourgeoisie  in vision，it helped  to shape  the cultural values for  the younger generations  in Britain．This paper  investigates  the  important role that literary journals play in the course of politics and history，shedding some light on the study of English literature from the angle of Cultural Studies．

The Homecoming，a play created by Harold Pinter，the 2005 Nobel Prize winner  in  literature and British contemporary playwright，is regarded by Pinter himself as his best play．As ‘art originates in reality’，Pinter who was born and grew up in Hackney of London had a complex feeling of love and hatred for Hackney —— ‘Hackney Complex’．The Homecoming is ‘la ?eur du mal’ blooming in the fertile soil of Pinter’s ‘Hackney Complex’．It remains controversial that how Ruth the wife would choose to abandon her husband and children， and how Teddy the husband could look on so indifferently．The author of the present paper states that both Teddy and Ruth are the ‘victims’ of Pinter’s sticking to his ‘Hackney brotherhood’．Pinter’s characterization of Ruth’s duality as a lady and a prostitute is the projection of Pinter’s contradictory ideal of woman as both a wife and a lover，a lady and a prostitute in and out of the play．The morbid love of Ruth and Teddy re?ects Teddy’s silly loyalty to  the metamorphosed brotherhood，which  is also  the dramatic means of Pinter’s catharsis of his personal ‘Hackney Complex’，and  thus makes Pinter’s success in his social criticism by means of the absurdity of his ‘Comedies of Menace’．

This paper studies the postmodern characteristics in Love Sick from the perspective of new historical novels．It believes that the novel，through a multi-dimensional perspective，uncovers the negative consequences of  the Mexican 1910’s Revolution，which has been glorifed in the offcial history．It questions the historical progressive signifcance of the revolution as well as the uniqueness of offcial history， and so it deconstructs the sacred revolution．This question and demystifcation，and such writing devices as intertextuality and parody endow the novel with a tonality of postmodernism．In this sense，this work can be viewed as a historical novel in the postmodern context，which is the so-called neo-historical novel．

The  problem  of  language  and  literary  tradition  has  always  been  a  central  concern  in Seamus Heaney’s  poetry． Through  investigating  the complex and entangled history of English and Irish  languages，the paper shows  the way  in which Heaney has developed an open and dynamic view of  languages  instead of a parochial one．This new gained  insight broadens and blurs  the boundary of English literary tradition，revealing a possibility for English literary tradition and Irish literary tradition to merge．In the light of this possibility，Heaney  successfully  incorporates old Celtic words  into his  translation of Beowulf as well as detects  in his own poetry an intrinsic Old English poetic  rhythm，which  this paper holds  to be Heaney’s conscious effort  to  reconstruct a more  inclusive Anglo-Irish literary tradition．