Based on Chomsky’s（2001，2008 et seq．）phase theory（PT），non-simultaneous spell-out phases（Maruši?，2009）， and φ-feature probe-goal Agree（p-g） theory（Miyagawa，2010；Reuland，2011）and locality constraints（e.g.，PIC），this paper properly and systematically investigates the LF phase and PF phase local binding domains for binding conditions A，B respectively．Particularly， anaphors are bound by the c-commanding antecedents in the local domain of minimal LF phases（vP，non-finite TP，nP），and the binding condition is established by the agreement between the probe [Var：x] bearing interpretable φ-features and the goal with uninterpretable/unvalued variable feature [Var:_]．Whereas pronouns are free of binding by c-commanding DPs unbound in local domains of minimal PF phases（DP， subject-less nP），but can be bound in minimal LF phases．Moreover，this paper attempts to solve the anaphoric bindings in psychological predicates and experiencer constructions in Jackendoff（1972）．Additionally，this article further elucidates the binding effects based on phasal agreement and feature sharing．The difference between binding effects A & B in PT can be attributed to the non-simultaneity of spell-out and Agree（p-g） operations．

 

 

 

 

While “clause” is seldom found in the grammar books in China, it is a necessary concept in modern grammar theories and is associated with many grammar rules. While it is easy to tell the differences among simple sentence，complex sentence and subordinate clause in English, it is not easy to distinguish them in Chinese for Chinese verbs lacks the distinction between finite and non-finite forms. By analyzing English clauses and the prominent features of the inflection, this paper expects to find the underlying features in Chinese which lacks the inflection. From the perspective of linguistic typology, it also compares English clauses and “Suo” construction in syntax, pragmatics and complimentizer, and then argues the possibility and adaptability of “Suo” constructions as clauses．It thus summarizes the differences and similarities between English clauses and “Suo” construction, and the typological features of “Suo” construction.

 

 

Based on the translator’s subjectivity as well as both Chinese and English texts, this paper attempts to compare the self-translation and conventional translation of Eileen Chang’s Gui Hua Zheng Ah Xiao Bei Qiu with the help of text analysis software in terms of passivity, subjective initiative and purposefulness. The paper holds that the self-translation seems to be concise and comprehensive as well as natural and unrestrained, showing that the self-translator’s subjectivity is much greater than the conventional translator’s, and that the conventional translation appears to be faithful and smooth as well as precise and complete, indicating that the translator’s subjectivity is, to some extent, fairly covert and restricted.

 

 

This paper makes a comparison of the English translation of Hangzhou novelette of Nian Yu Guan Yi by Lin Yutang and Yang Xianyi，based on the Field Theory of French Sociologist Bourdieu and the important notions of field，habitus and capital．It explores the translation process，including the selection of the original text and the production of the translation works，and briefly their dissemination and acceptance．The findings indicate that both the translators try every means to use their capital and habitus in the specific literature and translation fields，and in terms of dissemination and acceptance, Lin’s version was well received for its artistic and commercial values, while Yang’s version was more effective in cultural dissemination．

 

With the establishment of translation variation theory，the related studies have seen rapid development and great achievements, and have become hot research issue．The empirical study on the review of the translation variation studies will contribute to the further development of translation theory．This paper collected journals of translation or foreign language studies via CNKI in the recent thirty years，trying to summarize the literature background，research methodology and application of the translation variation studies．It is found that the translation variation studies have changed from practical transition periodto theoretical demonstration period，and come into a period of applicationin various forms．Furthermore，it is believed that translation variation studies should be developed in three ways：The intervention of linguistics and philosophy，the verification of empirical and interdisciplinary methodology，and the extensionof translation variation application．

There is an important imagery in Emily Bronte’s life and literary writing：wilderness．In this article “wilderness” is used as an entry point to analyze its three layers presented in her writing：space material layer；independent individual life layer；spiritual symbolic layer. Through the thorough and deep interpretation of these three layers，the article is to probe ecological wisdom in them，observe the ecological allegory and values of spirit and culture reflected from Emily Bronte’s consciousness of “wilderness”，and provide some valuable hints for insight into this age of ecological crisis．

The unique artistic value of the works of Lorraine Hansberry offers the researchers various kinds of possibility of interpreta¬tion，and new literary theories have encouraged the studies of Hansberry’s works from multiple perspectives．This article aims to provide an overview of the studies of Hansberry and her works in China and abroad in the hope of encouraging more Hansberry studies in China．

Female Gothic works，since the day of its birth，has been concentrating on the haunting agency that constantly makes females anxious and disturbed．These troubled feelings might come from females’ unique biological experience，their expected role decided by the society，femininity and a constraint on their development space．Females feel uneasy about their own sexual identity．Munro’s works—— Runaway incorporates the female Gothic elements．The essay reviews the development of female Gothic，and analyzes the application of several Gothic elements in the works，including imprisonment，punishment，mother-daughter relationship and sex．The research shows that Munro’s works adopt a more subtle female Gothic expression．There is a dark secret in each piece of works．The use of Gothic elements gives tension to the work and expresses the unique female experience．The works conveys the writer’s sympathy for females．

 

 

This study explores the effects of strategies-based oral English teaching program on the improvement of adult learners’ oral proficiency and the promotion of strategy awareness. Results suggest that the program enhanced learners’ metacognitive strategy awareness, although it failed in improving learners’ oral proficiency, which provides empirical data and pedagogical implications for future studies on strategy instruction．