A Cartographic Analysis of “you” in the “you+NumP” Construction

doi:10.12002/j.bisu.375

Abstract

Abstract:

“You” in the “you+NumP” construction, which mainly occurs at the end of a sentence, can indicate number or degree, and can be omitted without violating the sentence’s grammaticality. From the perspectives of language facts and pragmatics, Lv’s (1999), Liu et al.’s (2001), and Wen’s (2012) analyses on the “you+NumP” construction shed light on a new viewpoint for further discussion. This article follows a cartographic approach (one feature, one head), takes sentences “ta chi-le you san-da-wan (he ate three bows’)” and “ta zou-le you san-tian-le (he left three days)” to illustrate the categorial features of “you” and “you+NumP”, and attempts to draw maps as precise and detailed as possible of “you+NumP” configuration. The results reveal that the “you” under discussion is a functional category that is base generated in the internal clause focus position; NumP, as a degree phrase (DegP), is the complement of FocP in the internal clause, licensed by the focus marker “you”.

Keywords: “you+NumP” construction; syntactic cartography; DegP; internal clause focus

摘要：

“有+数量结构”常出现在句子的末尾,“有”可以表达数量或程度,在句子中可以被省略且不影响句子的合法性。吕叔湘（1999）、刘月华等（2001）、温锁林（2012）从语言事实和语用的角度对“有+数量结构”进行了详细的描述和论证,为从新的视角开展相关研究提供了基础。本文从句法制图理论“一个特征,一个中心语”的角度出发,以“他吃了有三大碗”和“他走了有三天了”中的“有+数量结构”的句法生成过程为例,试图确定“有”和“数量结构”的语类范畴,并对其句法特征进行句法制图。研究发现：“有+数量结构”中的“有”属于功能性成分,作为焦点标记基础生成于短语内部的焦点投射中心语位置;“数量结构”作为程度短语,生成于短语内部焦点投射的补语位置,受到焦点标记“有”的允准。

关键词: “有+数量结构”, 句法制图, 程度短语投射, 短语内部焦点

CLC Number:

H030

Li Fuqiang, Si Fuzhen. A Cartographic Analysis of “you” in the “you+NumP” Construction[J]. Journal of Beijing International Studies University, 2022, 44(1): 81-97.

李富强, 司富珍. “有+数量结构”中“有”的句法制图分析[J]. 北京第二外国语学院学报, 2022, 44(1): 81-97.

Figures/Tables 5

References 29

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