An Empirical Study of the Influence of “Pen-and-Paper Handwriting” on the Recognition of English Words by Chinese Learners of English

doi:10.12002/j.bisu.456

Journal of Beijing International Studies University ›› 2023, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 103-119.DOI: 10.12002/j.bisu.456

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An Empirical Study of the Influence of “Pen-and-Paper Handwriting” on the Recognition of English Words by Chinese Learners of English

Liu Jia¹(), Chen Shifa²(), Guan Qun³(), Zhao Yiping²(), Yang Lianrui²()

1. Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
2. Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
3. Beijing Language and Culture University, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2019-11-06 Online:2023-07-05 Published:2023-06-30

中国学习者纸笔手写对英语单词再认影响的实证研究

刘佳¹(), 陈士法²(), 官群³(), 赵轶平²(), 杨连瑞²()

1.河北师范大学外国语学院，050024
2.中国海洋大学外国语学院，266100
3.北京语言大学外国语学部，100083

作者简介:刘佳，博士，河北师范大学外国语学院，050024，研究方向：心理语言学。电子邮箱：jiayou0826@163.com
陈士法，博士，中国海洋大学外国语学院教授，博士生导师，266100，研究方向：心理语言学、二语习得。电子邮箱：chenshifa99@ouc.edu.cn
官群，博士，北京语言大学外国语学部教授，博士生导师，100083，研究方向：心理语言学、神经语言学。电子邮箱：qunguan81@163.com
赵轶平，中国海洋大学外国语学院，266100，研究方向：心理语言学。电子邮箱：845467295@qq.com
杨连瑞，博士，中国海洋大学外国语学院教授，博士生导师，266100，研究方向：二语习得。电子邮箱：larryyang@126.com
基金资助:
国家社会科学基金项目“英汉心理词汇表征及计算模型研究”(21BYY114);国家自然科学基金项目“基于语言分布式模型的具身语义数据库—语料库—词汇学习关联机制AI系统”(62077011);国家自然科学基金项目“儿童手写运动促进中英文感知的认知神经机制”(31500915);国家社会科学基金项目“中学生英语学习困难的脑机制研究”(BBA180075);河北师范大学人文社会科学研究基金项目“情绪直意词和情绪隐含词加工的认知神经机制研究”(S22B015)

Abstract

Abstract:

The present research investigated the influence of “pen-and-paper handwriting” on the recognition of English words by Chinese learners of English by employing lexical decision tasks with participants who were divided into a pen-and-paper handwriting group and a reading-only group. The results of the statistical analyses indicated that there was a significant main effect of group: pen-and-paper handwriting could facilitate the recognition of English words by significantly decreasing the reaction time with a less robust decline in accuracy. In addition, there was a considerable main effect of frequency: frequency not only influenced the recognition of handwritten English words using pen and paper, but also the reading-only group’s recognition of English words. High-frequency words were associated with shorter reaction times and greater accuracy. No significant interaction effect between group and frequency was found. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction effect between parts of speech and the group. Parts of speech had a greater influence on the recognition of handwritten English words than they did on the reading-only group. Hence, the present research concluded that handwriting facilitated the recognition of English words by Chinese learners of English. Frequency and parts of speech influenced English word recognition, and parts of speech influenced the recognition of handwritten English words by Chinese learners of English more effectively than did reading-only recognition, which supports the theory of usage-based approaches to language acquisition and the disassociation between nouns and verbs.

Keywords: pen-and-paper handwriting; frequency; parts of speech; handwriting recognition; reading-only recognition; embodied cognition; disassociation between nouns and verbs

摘要：

本研究把中国英语学习者分为纸笔手写组和注视组，通过词汇判断任务，考察纸笔手写对中国英语学习者英语单词再认的影响。研究发现：①组别主效应显著：较之注视组，手写组的反应速度显著提升，但正确率有所下降；②频率主效应显著：频率影响了两组英语单词的再认，高频词汇具有更短的反应时和更高的正确率，频率与组别交互效应不显著；③词性与组别交互效应显著：简单效应分析表明，相对于注视，词性更显著地影响了纸笔手写英语单词再认。本研究结果支持基于使用的语言习得观和英语二语名动分离现象，对计算机时代的英语教学具有一定启示作用。研究结论表明，在英语二语词汇教学中应加强对学生纸笔手写能力的培养。

关键词: 纸笔手写, 频率, 词性, 手写再认, 注视再认, 具身认知, 名动分离

CLC Number:

Liu Jia, Chen Shifa, Guan Qun, Zhao Yiping, Yang Lianrui. An Empirical Study of the Influence of “Pen-and-Paper Handwriting” on the Recognition of English Words by Chinese Learners of English[J]. Journal of Beijing International Studies University, 2023, 45(3): 103-119.

刘佳, 陈士法, 官群, 赵轶平, 杨连瑞. 中国学习者纸笔手写对英语单词再认影响的实证研究[J]. 北京第二外国语学院学报, 2023, 45(3): 103-119.

Figures/Tables 2

References 43

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因变量	词汇类型	纸笔手写组			注视组
因变量	词汇类型	均值	标准差	95%置信区间	均值	标准差	95%置信区间
反应时（ms）	高频名词	1056.88	287.00	965.49—1148.27	1152.68	286.22	1062.44—1242.92
	高频动词	1039.88	260.28	952.44—1127.31	1124.12	287.15	1037.79—1210.46
	低频名词	1263.49	332.88	1160.94—1366.05	1308.25	310.29	1206.98—1409.52
	低频动词	1301.79	360.92	1186.43—1417.14	1418.02	362.63	1304.11—1531.93
正确率（%）	高频名词	94.38	5.91	92.70—96.07	95.95	4.52	94.29—97.62
	高频动词	95.97	7.13	94.07—97.87	97.38	4.57	95.50—99.26
	低频名词	78.27	10.35	74.63—81.90	77.14	12.35	73.55—80.73
	低频动词	70.82	17.76	65.46—76.18	78.10	15.84	72.80—83.39

因变量	词汇类型	纸笔手写组			注视组
因变量	词汇类型	均值	标准差	95%置信区间	均值	标准差	95%置信区间
反应时（ms）	高频名词	1056.88	287.00	965.49—1148.27	1152.68	286.22	1062.44—1242.92
	高频动词	1039.88	260.28	952.44—1127.31	1124.12	287.15	1037.79—1210.46
	低频名词	1263.49	332.88	1160.94—1366.05	1308.25	310.29	1206.98—1409.52
	低频动词	1301.79	360.92	1186.43—1417.14	1418.02	362.63	1304.11—1531.93
正确率（%）	高频名词	94.38	5.91	92.70—96.07	95.95	4.52	94.29—97.62
	高频动词	95.97	7.13	94.07—97.87	97.38	4.57	95.50—99.26
	低频名词	78.27	10.35	74.63—81.90	77.14	12.35	73.55—80.73
	低频动词	70.82	17.76	65.46—76.18	78.10	15.84	72.80—83.39

An Empirical Study of the Influence of “Pen-and-Paper Handwriting” on the Recognition of English Words by Chinese Learners of English

中国学习者纸笔手写对英语单词再认影响的实证研究

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