Abstract:

The syntactic and semantic research of DE has always been an area of great interest in grammatical study. While traditional research has tended to focus on the function of DE at the phrase level, this article discusses the tense function of DE in clauses and its restrictive conditions. Syntactic tests show that DE serves as a constituent both in phrases and in clauses. In clauses, DEcan be labeled as DE_s, which functions as a tense marker indicating a past event. The tense function of DE is realized under a series of conditions. Syntactically, DE_s must be a constituent of a clause; semantically, the verb preceding DE_s must express a telic event; and metrically, no acatalectic foot is allowed between the main verb and DE_s.

Keywords: DE; tense; syntactic restriction; semantic restriction; prosodic restriction

摘要：

“的”字的句法语义研究历来是语法学界的热点问题。现有研究多聚焦于短语层面“的”字功能的探讨,本文将探讨“的”在小句中的时态功能及其限制条件。句法测试显示,“的”既可理解为词汇短语的内部成分,亦可作小句的内部成分进行识解。“的”在小句内起表达过去的时态功能,可用“的_S”标识。“的_S”的时态功能受到句法、语义和韵律的限制：“的_S”必须在小句层面起作用,“的_S”前的动词必须表达有终事件,并且“的_S”与主动词之间不能有完整音步的阻隔。

关键词: 的, 时态, 句法限制, 语义限制, 韵律限制