Abstract:

The epistolary novel Poor Folk is Dostoevsky’s strongly autobiographical work, and literary biography is its main biographical feature. As a specific cultural memory, a literary biography is characterized by both authenticity and fiction, which complement each other in the novel Poor Folk. The literary biography in Poor Folk is related closely to the awakening of the characters’ self-consciousness. The characteristic of time in the novel is the absolute subjectivity and the flow of time that coexist with the stagnation of time in the work. The space feature is the unique transformation during a period of social change, which is also the artistic reflection of the subjective construction of consciousness in epistolary novels. The disintegration of the traditional idyll chronotope and the reconstruction of the modern chronotope of subjectivity in the novel Poor Folk form a type of isomorphism with Dostoevsky’s autobiography.

Keywords: Dostoevsky; Poor Folk; literary biography; subjective time; transformation space; subjectivity construction

摘要：

陀思妥耶夫斯基的书信体小说《穷人》具有浓厚的自传色彩,文学传记性是其最主要的特征。作为一种特定的文化记忆,文学传记兼具真实性与虚构性,两者在《穷人》中相得益彰。《穷人》的文学传记性与人物自我意识的觉醒密切相关。《穷人》中的时间体现为流动与停滞并存的绝对主观性特点,空间体现为社会变动时期特有的转型性特点,这也是书信体小说主体性建构意识的艺术反映。在《穷人》中,田园诗时空体瓦解,现代主体性时空重构,这种现象与陀思妥耶夫斯基的自传性形成了某种同构。

关键词: 陀思妥耶夫斯基, 穷人, 文学传记, 主观时间, 转型空间, 主体性建构