Linguistics，as a kind of science，appears rather late if considered from the positive period of historical comparative linguistics．However，great attention has unprecedentedly been paid to it from the period of Chomsky’s formal linguistics．Unfortunately，its scientificity not fully displayed，results from the fact that it has chiefly focused on rational native speakers’ intuition and deductive mathematical logic．The natural language is yet not always the case with rationality and logicality．Thus，to uncover the very essence of human language，our research methodology must be scientifically reasonable and conform to language in actual situations．In this manner three basic issues need to be taken in account：corpus quantity，linguistic universality and cognitive neural foundation．Correspondingly such aspects constitute three positive dimensions，they are respectively linguistic corpus，linguistic typology and cognitive neuroscience，for they construct a sort of interiorexterior positive system for our research．Meanwhile we must be alert to the humanities underlying in post-positivism in the process of linguistic empirical research．

Taking L2 grammar competence as a covariate variable，this study，by empirically exploring Non-English Majors’ L2 acquisition of English expletive it，reveals the following acquisitional tendency in interlanguage grammar：expletive it can be acquired by L2 learners more easily as formal subjects than as formal objects．Resorting to the Interpretability Hypothesis and the frequency of expletive it in L2 input，this study puts forward a principled proposal for the acquisitional asymmetry in interlanguage grammar：expletive it appears in the L2 input as formal objects with a much lower frequency than as formal subjects；expletive it when used as formal objects carries an additional case feature in addition to person and number features．These two features of expletive it as formal objects well account for the L2 acquisitional outcome that expletive it can be acquired as formal subjects to a much fuller extent than as formal objects．

Drawing on field theory and actor-network theory，this paper first investigates how American sinologist Howard Goldblatt，Nobel Laureate Mo Yan’s primary English-language translator，developed his translator’s habitus and entered a hypothesized American literary field．Then it analyzes how various human and non-human actors interacted with each other through the transformation of several forms of capital to create translation initiation and publication networks，thus bringing about Red Sorghum’s successful production in America．Finally，an analysis of the effects of the translation and editorial mode on Red Sorghum reveals that Goldblatt，both a scholar-translator and a professional translator，adopted a highly flexible approach to translation by combining fidelity and creativity．Paradoxical as his translation strategy may strike us，it has helped Goldblatt achieve tremendous success as a pre-eminent translator of modern Chinese fiction，which can be accounted for by Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory．

In the late Qing period，China was forced to develop relations with the foreign powers, which gave sharp rise in diplomatic affairs．There emerged the urgent demand for Chinese translators and interpreters loyal to the imperial court．Therefore，Westernization Group put forward specific translation policy to bring about the birth of Imperial Tung-Wen College，and helped develop the pioneering translator and interpreter education patterns in early modern China．By means of historical method and descriptive approach，this paper explores the influence of official translation policy upon translating activities and translators training，which still can bring insights into the translator and interpreter training program．

This thesis，based on the theory of “functional equivalence” of Eugene A．Nida and the theory of German “Skopos theory”，analyses and explores the characteristics of Chinese translation of Japanese onomatopoeia．The author sets out to generalize four translation strategies and methods from the perspective of “liberal translation，namely explanation，idiomatic expression，omission and transliteration．Those types of Chinese translation of Japanese onomatopoeia will provide guidance to Japanese translation teaching and Japanese learners．

This is a study of Charlotte Brontë & her novel Jane Eyre from the angle of Post-Colonialism．It provides a unique perspective to understand the Brontë sisters’ roots of Ireland & the Irishness in their texts．We can not only interpret the Brontë sisters’ literature legend through their Irish background and Ireland complex，but also penetrate the myths of power through the conflicted and compromised Anglo-Irish history．

The life of Faulkner，the social rules and dictates found within Sanctuary，and a reflection of the historical situation as evidenced in the novel from the perspective of New Historicism have been fully explored，which is conducive to understanding the interaction between literature and law in the Prohibition, and the inter-textuality between the literary creation of Sanctuary and Prohibition culture．

Edwidge Danticat is a contemporary Haitian American woman writer．Her novel The Farming of Bones，an American Book Award winner in 1999，rewrites the history of 1937 massacre happening in Haiti and Dominican Republic．From the perspectives of personal memory and female testimony，this paper aims at analyzing how and why Danticat rewrites this part of history，thus further revealing the theme of identity and homeland reflected in the novel．

This study is intended to construct the EFL Writing Self-efficacy Scale（WSES），a survey instrument to help promote research into college students’ writing self-efficacy. The study，based on a literature review，hypothesizes a two-dimensional conceptual model of writing self-efficacy，and develops the WSES including two factors of writing skills self-efficacy and writing tasks self-efficacy. It examines the psychometric properties of the WSES with two independent samples by both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses，which provide psychometric support for the initial conceptual model and provethe ideal reliability and validity of the WSES in measuring Chinese tertiary EFL students’ writing self-efficacy.