Based on a large number of objective, factual data in COHA and COCA, this research explores the evolution of CRISIS during the past 200 years and its features of collocation in order to interpret the American economy from the perspective of discourse studies. The results of research have shown that: 1）in the 1930s, CRISIS suddenly surged in frequency of use, and from then on, it has become the public concern of the United States; 2）the collocations of CRISIS are likely to fall into the category of business. ECONOMIC CRISIS and FINANCIAL CRISIS demonstrate the highest frequency; ECONOMIC CRISIS and ENERGY CRISIS refer to the most serious crisis facing the United States in the1930s and 1970s respectively, which became a landmark in the American economy; 3）for the verb-collocations, the most common collocationis FACING. The statistical comparison indicates that words with positive semantic prosody are used more frequently than those with negative semantic prosody, suggesting that American society is actively seeking ways to address the crises.

With the development of the discourse markers theory, the study of discourse markers becomes a hot research area, but the contrastive of factive markers has been almost uncovered. This paper discusses five factive markers in English: in fact, in truth, indeed, actually,really. And discusses six factive markers in Chinese: ‘Qishi’, ‘Shijishang’, ‘Shishishang’, ‘Queshi’, ‘Dique’, ‘Zhende’. Froma macro-perspective, the factive makers underwent similar changes. Each functions as a clause-internal adverbial at the first stage, as an epistemic sentential adverbial at the second stage, and as a DM at the third stage. The differences between English and Chinese are as followings: the factive markers in English may locate at the end of discourse freely, but the factive markers in Chinese may not. And the factive markers in English are looser than the factive markers in Chinese.

Cross-linguistic syntactic priming represents a development direction of research of bilingual syntactic representations, and is able to provide an effective interpretation on bilingual syntactic transfer and syntactic misuse. So cross-linguistic syntactic priming is practically meaningful for grammar teaching of the second language. The paper firstly introduces the theory development of cross-linguistic syntactic priming，summarises the main issues of cross-linguistic syntactic priming, which include the influence of word order and lexical factor on the cross-linguistic syntactic priming|the differences between syntactic priming within language and syntactic priming cross languages．After that, an implicit learning mechanism on cross-linguistic syntactic priming is introduced．Eventually，some questions which need further study are also put forward，forexample, bilingual representation model，factors influencing cross-linguistic syntactic priming and cross-linguistic syntactic priming in comprehension．

Misreading is a common phenomenon in text reception. The article expounds that the existence of misreading is objective and reasonable from the perspective of the study of reading. It also points out that misreading should be limited, differentiating misreading from misunderstanding. Based on that, the article states that the translator should improve his knowledge, enrich his life experience, and pay attention to the role the contexts play in understanding texts, so that he can understand the source text accurately and thoroughly, and effectively reduce mistranslation.

The master of “Graceful and Restrained” Ci-poetry Li Qingzhao is known for her literary works，such as verses，ci-poems and essays. The original feminine images in Li’ s works are immensely reshaped by American translators，producing four new images．They are “talented lady”，“female drunkard”，“chippie”，and “remarkable woman”，similar or different，which are derived from the exchange and convergence of the American and Chinese cultures．These images have their existent rationality, and should not owe too much criticism. This is of great significance to the present Chinese Culture “Going-out” Strategy．

Statistics from this comparative study show that there is much repetition of translation theories in translation teaching books for Undergraduates of English major and MTI，and there are more，even more difficult translation theories for English major undergraduates，so it is necessary to make overall arrangement．The proportion of translation theories in the two kinds of books can be determined by the education aims of the two kinds of student，based on the studies of weights of translation theory and practice；and the overall arrangement of translation theories in the two kinds of book should follow the principle：put the translation theories in the order of difficulty, practicability and appearing frequency, and select the easier，the more practical and more common translation theories for undergraduates of English major．

Iser’s aesthetics of effect researches the aesthetic effect which a literary text takes place in the reading process on readers． He thinks a literary text contains many blanks and partial negation of traditional norms．Blanks and negation build the appeal structure of the text．They stimulate separately imaginative and reflective powers of readers，spur them to fill blanks，form a new horizon and complete the construction of the meaning of in determinate literary text．In the process of construction of the meaning，readers will gain creative aesthetic pleasure and heightening of selfconsciousness．The article illuminate Iser’s aesthetics of effect through analyzing Iser’s remoulding of Mukarovsky’s functional linguistics and Ingarden’s phenomenological aesthetics．

Drawing upon Lukács’ theories of bourgeois totality，this paper aims to analyze the ideological influences of capital upon feminine labour in the Victorian Novel．By focusing upon uneven representations of empowerment，contradiction，and negotiation in marriage defined as a “female heroism” in the novels from Gaskell to Hardy，the paper suggests that capital has endorsed yet contained the heroine’s feminist agency as the wife-as-hero characterization develops progressively from the rise of individual consumerism to an emerging agency for feminist liberty，space，knowledge and power by women as parties to “the capitalist contract”．Specific analyses of how literary heroines mediate class conflict，help reconstruct national culture，and subvert capitalist patriarchy in the Victorian novel thus highlight the underlying interfacing of capital and gender embedded as a key engine for feminine labour within Victorian literary culture．

Penelope Fitzgerald’s novel, Innocence, dialectically reveals the negative side of the virtue “innocence” by means of unreliable narration. It is this blindness of innocence that contributes to cruel kindness. The tension between the seriousness and horror of the incidents and the light matter-of-fact style of the narration enhances the aesthetic effect, which also brings to the reader the novelty of reading experience.The technique of Penelope Fitzgerald’s narrative, her insight into life and her philosophical thinking of “Man is born good/evil” are well manifested during the process. Based on close reading and starting from the constructivity of narrative, this essay analyzes the progressive unreliable narration in the first chapter of Innocence, disclosing, accordingly, the blindness of innocence and its destructive power.

Especially in Briefwechsel über das Trauerspiel and Hamburgische Dramaturgie Gotthold Ephraim Lessing expounds histheory of bourgeois tragedy with the core of Mitleid（sympathy）．For a further understanding of Lessing’s Theory of Bourgeois Tragedy，a survey and analysis of the main viewpoints are carried out in this paper．The sympathy for the tragedy protagonists，as an emotional reaction and a moral potential，leads the audience to the moral improvement．Only through the identification of the audience with the tragedy protagonists can the sympathy arise and this identification is mainly dependent on the similarity of the audience to the tragedy protagonists and the probability of the plot．Basing his theory on a new interpretation of Aristoteles concepts eleos and phobos，Lessing argues that they are both methods of moral improvement．

Various models have been proposed to explain what factors contribute to reading comprehension and Component Skill Analysis ranks among those favorite models. Though more and more researches have been conducted along this line, few of them focus on Spanish reading comprehension．Given this, the present study explored the possible contributions of phonological, orthographic, syntactic, semantic processing,as well as Chinese / English reading comprehension，to Spanish reading comprehension, with Chinese SFL（Spanish as Foreign Language students as participants．It is found that Semantic Processing contributes most while Phonological Processing comes second; in addition, Englishreading comprehension could predict Spanish reading comprehension while Chinese reading comprehension could not.

The teaching of college English in China is facing a new turn on its way of reform during the past 30 years．In 2014，the Ministry of Education of the P. R. C. issued the reform draft for English examination in the College Entrance Examination，which indicates that the College English Teaching should find a way out． Shanghai Advisory Committee on College English Teaching established a Framework for ELF Teaching in 2013, proposing that the College English Teaching trend in China is inevitably led to ESP（English for Special Purpose）．This article tries to interpret the New Framework based on the comparison of the four major syllabuses since 1986，concluding that ESP is the inevitable trend in China．