As a new NLP machine learning model with an extensive ability to produce content, ChatGPT has the potential to transform traditional translation teaching models. However, ChatGPT may also decrease students’ ability to learn autonomously, may undermine teacher-student relationships, damage academic integrity and knowledge security, and lead to ethical and ideological risks. In order to address the challenges and to make full use of ChatGPT in the teaching of translation, it is necessary to change the traditional way of teaching, to reform the teaching process, to improve students’ ability to learn autonomously, to increase education in translation ethics, to control ideological risks, and to enhance teachers and students’ digital literacy.

Research methods in translation studies are derived but distinct from traditional humanistic research methods. Research methods in translation studies fall into three levels in the hierarchy of all methods: philosophical methods at the macro level, general methods at the meso level and specific methods at the micro level, each of which belongs to corresponding methodological systems. Philosophical methods guide and constrain the other two types. General methods enrich philosophical ones from the bottom to the top and expand specific ones from the top to the bottom. Philosophical methods include universal connection methods, development methods and contradiction analysis methods. General methods consist of two sub-types: dialectical thinking methods include analytical and synthetic methods, inductive and deductive methods, qualitative and quantitative methods, a combination of macroscopic and microscopic methods, methods of consistency between history and logic, and abstract-to-concrete methods; systems science methods include those adopted in systems theory, information theory, cybernetics, dissipation theory, synergy theory and mutation theory. Specific methods, which are the largest in number, can be directly operated and used.

Conceptual metaphor and conceptual metonymy are high-level human cognitive working mechanisms concerning experiences while ideational grammatical metaphor focuses on lexical-grammatical expressions of the concepts processed by the high-level cognitive mechanisms. This paper presents a realization framework of ideational grammatical metaphor through conceptual metaphor and conceptual metonymy. The conceptual meaning expressed in the grammatical metaphorical form can be realized through conceptual metaphor and conceptual metonymy. The conceptual meaning expressed via conceptual metaphor and conceptual metonymy motivates the realization of ideational grammatical metaphors. In ideational grammatical metaphor, conceptual metaphor and conceptual metonymy are the main cognitive mechanisms with the changes in process, rank, and form.

Interactional linguistics (IL), a research methodology in linguistics, has attracted a significant amount of attention in China in recent years. As a conversation analysis (CA)-informed research methodology, IL is closely aligned with and is directly related to CA. This paper first introduces the theoretical foundations, the research objectives, and the research procedures in IL, and then takes On the Functions of Compromising Response via Haoba — Towards an Interactional Linguistic Approach by Zheng Juanman (2018) as an example to reveal some of the problems in Zheng’s research so as to highlight the necessity of adopting correct ways to conduct empirical research based on the IL framework. We hope that our fellow researchers will strictly adhere to the principles of IL, master the correct research methods of IL, and conduct objective, scientific and convincing IL empirical research.

Processability theory has undergone more than 20 years of development since 1998. Although it is one of the most influential theoretical models that explains the general laws and processes of second language (L2) acquisition, it has not yet received sufficient attention in China. This study first introduces lexical-functional grammar as the theoretical basis of processability theory, followed by the development process and main content, including the development stages, processing procedures, and the conditions of language transfer. A review and an evaluation of its application in the acquisition of L2 Chinese is then presented. The advantages and disadvantages of processability theory are then discussed. Processability theory focuses on the operating mechanisms for language processing and language ability in the brain, but predicting the developmental sequence of L2 acquisition via processability theory is not sufficient, as it minimizes the role of L1 transfer and does not consider the impact of semantic information on defining the stage of syntactic structure. Finally, the development trends of processability theory are discussed, and some directions for future research are suggested.

Drawing on the notion of affiliation in systemic functional linguistics, this paper presents a theoretical framework for positive discourse analysis, and examines the ecological civilization in microblogging discourse via a corpus-based approach and close discourse analysis. The research identifies and summarizes four types of ecological civilization topics, five aspects of ecological civilization construction, and the most influential microbloggers in ecological discourse. It focuses on the construing function of microblogging discourse, and explores the construal of communities and the negotiation of identities. The paper introduces new ideas for positive discourse analysis and the study of community and identity, and provides a fresh perspective for the study of ecological civilization and microblogging discourse.

In this paper, the author, as the initiator of the theory of Translator Behavior Criticism, answers researchers’ questions concerning the possible origins, causes, and the applications of the theory. For its applications, the author specifically takes the analytic hierarchy process to be the method in order to get the theory improved and the studies strengthened through theory carding, doubts clearing and collaborative learning.

Languages are linked closely to national security, and national language security has assumed a pivotal role in the Chinese Path to Modernization in the current era. Consequently, it has become an important area of research within the broader framework of the holistic view of national security. We argue that a comprehensive exploration of national language security is essential, and encompasses various dimensions such as the academic system, the disciplinary system, and the discourse system. This exploration serves to establish a theoretical foundation and to provide practical guidance for the development of a governance system to address national language security within the context of overall national security. Accordingly, current investigations into national language security should prioritize the construction of a theoretical framework for national language security, which includes defining the conceptual scope and fundamental issues pertaining to national language security, and conducting international comparative research on language security theories and methodologies across diverse countries and regions. This approach entails drawing insights from the academic and methodological frameworks of language security worldwide, thereby offering valuable references for the advancement of studies of Chinese language security. Moreover, attention should be paid to the examination of disciplinary systems and discourse systems within the area of national language security. This endeavor involved exploring language and cultural security, the political security of language, and the security of language resources on various levels, encompassing different fields, regions, and spaces (such as the internet). A holistic understanding of language can be attained via this comprehensive investigation, ranging from its fundamental nature to its practical applications, and from micro-level sociolinguistics to macro-level language sociology. Several esteemed domestic scholars have been invited to share their valuable insights to facilitate these endeavors. It is our sincere hope that more colleagues within the academic community will focus on and actively engage in research on national language security.

As stated in the report of the 19^th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, human beings and nature constitute the community of life, and human beings should respect, adapt to, and protect nature. The community of life refers to the harmonious co-existence of humans, other life forms, and the environment. As part of the community of life, human beings play a significant role in protecting the eco-system and in sustaining life. The ecological news report in People’s Daily that has the creation of ecological civilization as its central concern focuses on the human-nature relationship, and thus constructs the community of life discursively. The present research is an attempt to propose an analytical framework for the analysis of the community of life from the perspective of ecological civilization. The study used the concordance of high-frequency words and an analysis of thematic networks to investigate the discursive construction of the community of life in the ecological news report in People’s Daily with reference to the discursive construction of ecological relationships and ecological care in building an ecological civilization.

The Graeco-Arabic translation movement, which spanned the 8^th to the 10^th centuries, was one of the main events in the flourishing of Arabic culture in medieval times, and together with major translation activities in other cultures, such as Bible translations in the West and Buddhism translations in China, contributed to translation activities across the world. The Graeco-Arabic translation movement was characterized by intensive translation practices, a vast scale, lasting continuity, and a profound influence that was unprecedented in any other ethnic nation or culture. In terms of translatology, it is worth noting that the translation movement also resulted in a wealth of discourse about translation which, apart from providing contextual resources for understanding this epoch-making event, exhibits some characteristics of contemporary translation theories. However, this treasure has generally been neglected in academic circles, and its historical and theoretical significance has largely been hidden from sight. In view of the philosophy of generating discourse about translation, two representatives of a group of translators during this period, Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq and Al-Jāḥiẓ, were selected and an interpretation of their remarks about translation is offered with reference to contemporary translation theories, with the aim of presenting Arabic scholars’ generalizations and deliberations about translation activities, thus providing the opportunity for interactions concerning discourse on translation among various cultures worldwide.

This paper, based on the discussions of examples in English and Chinese metonymy, outlines the latest development of the research on conceptual metonymy and prospects its future research path and directions. First, this paper discusses the transfer of research paradigm from rhetoric to cognitive linguistics. Second, it discusses the latest development of metonymy studies, such as the studies on metonymic triggers and the functions of metonymy. Third, it puts forward some suggestions such as doing the contrastive studies between English and Chinese metonymy, and applying the research results to translation and language teaching & learning for the future studies.

According to universal grammar, in the process of children’s language acquisition, there are many deficiencies in language stimuli, but children are nonetheless able to develop grammatical abilities, indicating the existence of an innate language acquisition mechanism in the brain. This hypothesis has been challenged by cognitive linguists, who believe that children’s understanding and use of language is based on general cognitive abilities, especially memory, abstraction, and reasoning. In recent years, experiments have revealed that children have excellent memory, abstraction, and reasoning abilities. Abstraction helps children to grasp grammar rules and acquire constructions through daily exposure to language materials, while reasoning helps children to use existing knowledge to acquire new knowledge, thereby enhancing their expressive abilities. This paper examines the actual process of children’s language acquisition and suggests that the acquisition of children’s language abilities is closely related to the quality and quantity of language input. The sources of language stimuli that children receive are extensive, and their richness, specificity, and frequency far exceed the imagination of the general public. Moreover, children’s language abilities interact with their conceptual and thinking abilities. These conceptual abilities can promote the development of language abilities, which in turn can further promote the development of thinking abilities.

Wang Rongpei is a renowned contemporary translator of Chinese classics. He has translated more than 60 Chinese classical works in his lifetime, among which eight works, including Shijing, have been selected for inclusion in the Library of Chinese Classics due to their outstanding contributions to the English translation of Chinese classics. Based on the English-Chinese parallel corpus of Shijing, WordSmith was used to investigate Wang Rongpei’s translation style on both the lexical and the syntactic levels by comparing his English translation of Shijing to the English versions by Legge, Pound, and Xu Yuanchong. This study discusses both T-type and S-type translator styles, based on which the interpretation of the motivations is proposed. While reflecting the translator’s style directly by using the statistical data of corpus, exploring the translator’s style by considering the source text is helpful for revealing the essence of translation objectively and comprehensively.

The present research investigated the influence of “pen-and-paper handwriting” on the recognition of English words by Chinese learners of English by employing lexical decision tasks with participants who were divided into a pen-and-paper handwriting group and a reading-only group. The results of the statistical analyses indicated that there was a significant main effect of group: pen-and-paper handwriting could facilitate the recognition of English words by significantly decreasing the reaction time with a less robust decline in accuracy. In addition, there was a considerable main effect of frequency: frequency not only influenced the recognition of handwritten English words using pen and paper, but also the reading-only group’s recognition of English words. High-frequency words were associated with shorter reaction times and greater accuracy. No significant interaction effect between group and frequency was found. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction effect between parts of speech and the group. Parts of speech had a greater influence on the recognition of handwritten English words than they did on the reading-only group. Hence, the present research concluded that handwriting facilitated the recognition of English words by Chinese learners of English. Frequency and parts of speech influenced English word recognition, and parts of speech influenced the recognition of handwritten English words by Chinese learners of English more effectively than did reading-only recognition, which supports the theory of usage-based approaches to language acquisition and the disassociation between nouns and verbs.

With regard to the translation of classical Chinese poetry, translators with different purposes and cultural background, in different times and regions, have formed different ideas about translation and have proposed different translation paths and methods. Wai-lim Yip, a well-known scholar of Chinese origin, proposed and constructed his comparative poetics with the “model” as the core concept. When translating classical Chinese poetry, he implemented his poetic theory, established his thoughts about the translation of classical Chinese poetry. Wai-lim Yip’s translation thoughts reveal his cultural awareness and translation appeals, highlight attributes and features of classical Chinese poetry as well as Chinese poetics, and provide a distinctive research perspective and translation paths in translating classical Chinese poetry. Based on a close study of two of his representative translated works, from three perspectives, namely views on source text understanding and interpretation, concepts and paths for the target text production, and effects of target readers’ acceptance, the thesis analyzes and elaborates Wai-lim Yip’s thoughts about translation, his comparative poetics manifested in his translated poetry, as well as the accommodation and integration of his poetic thoughts and translation thoughts. This study has a positive meaning to the practice and the theoretical study of the translation of classical Chinese poetry and the study of the construction and acceptance of Chinese literature abroad.

Starting from the divergence and convergence of the current linguistic, socio-cultural, and cognitive paradigms of Translation Studies and drawing on the research of Social Cognition, this article introduces the concept, question and methodology of Socio-cognitive Translation Studies. It is proposed that translation be viewed as social cognition, that is, an interlingual operation shaped by the translator’s perception, interpretation, and conceptualization of the social world. Facilitated by the conceptual tools, theoretical and methodological models of Social Cognition, this combinatory approach may help to reach a more inclusive and coherent account for the ontology and methodology of Translation Studies, to raise some new questions meaningful both theoretically and practically, and to shed some new light on the research of the translator’s behavior.

Legal translation in China began in the late Qing Dynasty, and developed over the following five periods: the embryonic period, the exploration period, the transition period, the development period, and the perfection period. The importance of legal translation became increasingly prominent after the 18^th National Congress of the CPC, and attention from people from all walks of life has continued to increase. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the problems in legal translation and to eliminate any misunderstandings. Due to the central government’s emphasis on improving international communication, we must pay attention to the leading role of legal translation, particularly its independent value. In the future, we should do a solid job in the teaching of legal translation and accelerate the process of promoting the standardization of legal translation in order to improve the quality and level of legal translation, to better serve the national strategy, to construct the international discourse system regarding the rule of law, to strengthen the capacity for international communication, and to tell the story of China’s rule of law. We can take the communication of the rule of law as the starting point to create an image of China that is ruled by law in order to gain the trust of the international community and to make more people eager to listen to the story of China.

Cao Yu is considered the founder of modern Chinese drama; he wrote and adapted a total of 13 dramatic works during his lifetime, most of which have been translated into English. These English translations have mainly been published as stand-alone books, with a few appearing in journals or being included in anthologies of translations, involving 19 translators from both China and the West. This paper reviews the English translations of Cao Yu’s plays in terms of the translators and their translations, with a particular focus on the translation of four of his masterpieces, Thunderstorm, The Sunrise, The Wilderness and Peking Man. This study revealed that the English translations of Cao Yu’s works were characterized by slow translation updates, outdated language use in translations, and a lack of translators, which has affected the dissemination and acceptance of Cao Yu’s plays in the English-speaking world to a certain extent. This paper can provide references for translation practitioners, and is important not only for the research on Cao Yu and drama translation studies, but also for the promotion and dissemination of Chinese literature across the world.

In Pursuit of the English is an autobiographical work by the distinguished English writer, Doris Lessing, which relates her experiences as an immigrant when she first moved to London. Taking her apartment as a symbol of the UK, Lessing explores the nature of the ethnic conflicts surrounding “Englishness”, and expresses her views about ethnic identity. Lessing’s observations of ethnic groups are of practical significance in the current globalized society that consists of diverse ethnic groups. However, there is little research on this work, which requires further exploration. In this paper, Homi Bhabha’s hybridity theory is employed to explain Lessing’s doubts about the rationality of essentialist identity and to explore the third space, which is characterized by hybridity, in the construction of the immigrant identity. Lessing figuratively reveals the social reality by describing the contradictions between the tenants and the landlords of the apartment block, ranging from an individual’s pursuit of ethnic identity to the ethnic identity of the group. In this work, Lessing deconstructs the essentialism of British identity and reveals the historical origin and core characteristics of ethnic identity, in addition to highlighting the importance of hybridity in constructing a new ethnic identity.

In this paper, an integrated analytical framework of “text structure-cognitive mechanism-social structure” is established and applied to corpus-assisted discourse analysis concerning the political discourse about ecological civilization with the aim of revealing the interactions and cognitive mechanisms of the interconnections between discourse structure and social structure. The analysis revealed that four thematic topics, namely ecology, civilization, construction, and governance, were constructed, and that three cognitive mechanisms, namely metaphorical frame, de/recategorization, and cultural schema, were mainly used. The correspondence and interaction between text structure and cognitive mechanisms point to the underlying dominant ideology, which is embodied as the ontology of socialist ecological civilization, dialectic materialism and methodology, and the traditional cultural stance. It is through the interactions of three dimensions, namely text structure, cognitive mechanisms, and social structure, that the discourse concerning ecological civilization effectively constructs a set of new thoughts about civilization, as well as the new norms of social practice. The production, reproduction, communication, and acceptance of such discourse serves the ideological function of reconstructing the view of civilization, regulating social actions, and envisioning the future. This social-cognitive study contributes to the construction of a discourse system for ecological civilization and enhances the discursive efficacy.

As socialism with Chinese characteristics enters a new era, higher education in China has shifted from a stage of rapid development to a stage of high-quality development. In this new age, higher education in China is facing unprecedented issues, challenges, and tasks. Meanwhile, as higher education has entered the stage of popularization in China, it has gained in vitality and strength. In the next stage of development, Chinese higher education should improve the quality of education and construct a high-quality education system by developing the following areas: 1) the four functions of student education, scientific research, public services, and cultural inheritance and innovation; 2) the four integrations of interdisciplinary integration, interspecialty integration, industry-education integration, and education-technology integration; and 3) the four developments of discipline development, specialty development, curriculum development, and coursebook development.

Burns was one of the earliest foreign poets to be introduced to China. His poems have been disseminated for a long time and have been studied extensively, which indicates that his poems are of tremendous literary value and have great research potential. From the perspective of Translator Behavior Criticism, this paper studies the translator behaviors of four translators, namely Yuan Shuipai, Yuan Kejia, Wang Zuoliang and Li Zhengshuan, from the two aspects of extra-translation and intra-translation to analyze their translator behaviors as influenced by the historical context, translation principles, and literary positions, as well as their behaviors when they convey the original meaning, rhythm, and style. The aim is to provide new contributions to the study of Burns’ poetry and to research on translator behaviors.

In this paper, the globalized social and cultural context is adopted as a bridge, semantic wave theory and attitude resources are integrated, and statistical descriptions are combined with qualitative analyses to provide a discourse analysis of Confucianism in World History, a widely used secondary school history textbook in the United States. The results revealed that, the Confucian knowledge system is integrated into Western culture via abstraction and simplification. Furthermore, the Confucian value system is integrated into Western value systems through the attitudinal evaluation of the textbook discourse, eventually causing it to lose its individual voice.

Shih-I Hsuing was the first drama translator to have introduced Chinese Peking Opera to the West. However, Chinese scholars have paid little attention to his translations or translator’s style. Focusing on Shih-I Hsuing’s English translations of Lady Precious Stream and The Romance of the Western Chamber, this study explores his translator’s style using a self-built corpus. It has revealed that Shih-I Hsuing had a consistent translation style featuring limited lexical diversity, low information load, and high readability and intelligibility. However, due to the differences in the translation purposes and strategies, Lady Precious Stream is more suitable for performance in terms of orality, language dynamism and dialogue fluency. Translators should strive to balance the literary and theatrical aspects to ensure positive reception of their works.

ChatGPT, which reflects the level of language intelligence, integrates information searching, machine translation, and dialogue production with its powerful generation ability, potentially representing a technological revolution. Foreign language teaching is related to the cultivation of language ability and knowledge transfer and is bound to be directly affected by the rapid development of language intelligence. On the basis of introducing the functions and characteristics of ChatGPT, this paper analyzes the applications and challenges of ChatGPT in foreign language teaching. As a response to these potential problems, this paper proposes several general strategies. As the integration of humans and artificial intelligence intensifies, foreign language teaching should adhere to its fundamental goal of educating students, reform its teaching paradigm, seek to innovate, strive to improve language intelligence literacy, enhance language intelligence ethics awareness, and cultivate more high-quality foreign language talents.

In recent years, due to the rise of cognitive linguistics, construction grammar, particularly corpus linguistics and phraseology, has led to formulaic language in second language (hereafter referred to as L2 formulaic language) becoming an important field in second language research. For this paper, we retrieved academic papers that mainly focused on L2 formulaic language from the Web of Science (WoS) database, and employed CiteSpace’s literature information visualization technology. The quantitative analysis aimed to objectively and comprehensively trace and analyze the development process, trending topics, and leading subjects in research on L2 formulaic language from 1999 to 2023. The research findings indicated that L2 formulaic language research exhibited an increasing trend of continuous growth. The core research areas encompass the four disciplinary fields of corpus linguistics, psycholinguistics, pragmatics, and applied linguistics. These fields involve various research topics related to L2 formulaic language, including its structure and distribution, representation and processing, usage and functions, and the acquisition and teaching of L2 formulaic language. Based on a bibliometric analysis, this paper aims to clarify the development trends in the field of research on L2 formulaic language over the past 25 years within the academic community. It provides a visual and comprehensive literature guide for future, in-depth research on L2 formulaic language.

Two concepts are important in International Chinese Education: The layered consciousness and product orientation. International Chinese Education is a national and ethnic undertaking for the country, an emerging and interdisciplinary subject for universities, a career and a profession for practitioners, an interdisciplinary major for learners, and a language service for society. The author presumes that different layer should pursuit different goals, bear different responsibilities and focus on different issues in International Chinese Education. As for language service, product orientation is crucial for International Chinese Education.

In recent years, the continued development of artificial intelligence technology has promoted progress in the field of education. Ever since the birth of ChatGPT, its powerful text-understanding-and-generation functions have aroused widespread attention and discussion in the field of foreign language education. Based on the everyday practice of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, this study explores the application of ChatGPT in classroom teaching and in teaching resource construction. In the context of classroom teaching, how ChatGPT assists in language teaching, cultural teaching, and exam tutoring is discussed. Following this, this paper analyzes how ChatGPT can be applied in developing six types of teaching resources: teaching materials and auxiliary materials, multimedia teaching resources, network teaching resources, teaching software, applications and websites, learning platforms and management systems, and other teaching resources. ChatGPT can be used as a powerful foreign language teaching tool to assist teachers in resource construction and classroom teaching as well as to promote students’ foreign language learning. However, ChatGPT is limited in terms of professional knowledge, resource searching, and in other regards for which it sometimes fails to meet user needs well. Therefore, to better guide the application of ChatGPT, the function and role of ChatGPT in foreign language teaching should be objectively discerned and the possible problems identified.

Ultra-local syntactic structures are very common crosslinguistically and there is no consensus on how to analyze them in a unified way. Parallel merge (PM) theory provides such an opportunity. The paper firstly introduces the main idea of this theory and key factors involved in the derivation of sentences given PM. It is then shown that the four cross-linguistic ultra-local structures can be novely and successfully accounted for by following the PM approach, including right-node raising constructions, amalgamated sentences, serial verb constructions, and appositive constructions. Lastly, it is demonstrated that the ultra-local phenomena in Mandarin Chinese, such as the appositional construction, can also be explained using this approach.

Conversation, as the basic form of “language use”, has posed considerable challenges for formal linguistic studies, as well as for natural language processing. Due to its interactivity, dynamicality, and context dependency, there is still little operation mechanism research concerning the formal characterization of the dynamic parsing process of conversation. Within the framework of dynamic syntax that defines representations of content and of context both dynamically and structurally, this study attempts to provide a parsing-based account of conversational dialogues in Mandarin illustrated by the dynamic parsing process of conversational repair examples. It is concluded that natural language conversation can be accounted for adequately by placing a high premium on context and on the interaction among structural, lexical, and pragmatic information.

The majority of the previous studies of Chinese conversation analysis have been conducted from the perspectives of sociology, ethnography, or pragmatics. In recent years, a new trend has appeared in the field of dialogue research, namely Dialogue Syntax, which attempts to study dialogue from the perspective of cognitive functionalism. Based on the framework of Dialogic Syntax, the present paper investigates Chinese conversations and analyzes the parallelism, resonance, reproduction, diagraphs, selection, analogy, and contrast in real dialogues carefully and in depth. This analysis has obvious advantages over previous analyses, as the characteristics of Chinese dialogic structure can be better understood and the linguistic, cognitive, functional, pragmatic, and interactional processes can be clarified more appropriately.

Guided by Translator Behavior Criticism theory, this paper presents a descriptive study of the group of domestic self-translators. From the extra-translational perspective, this self-translator group, due to their dual identities as authors and translators, have three main motivations for self-translation, which are to expand their own readership and to enhance their literary influence, to self-translate due to ideological reasons, and to translate for research purposes. Moreover, translator literacy places greater emphasis on bilingual writing skills. From the intra-translational perspective, the self-translator group has focused mainly on “truth-seeking” in meaning on the micro level and the “utility-attaining” function on the macro level, and attempted to strike a balance between “truth-seeking” and “utility-attaining”. This study proposes a cooperative translation mode of “Self-translation + Others Post-editing” to provide a more appropriate and effective self-translation mode for Chinese literature.

The present study aimed to investigate the functional category deficits, including the Tense Phrase (TP), the Complementizer Phrase (CP), and the sub-projections FocusP and FiniteP, in a Chinese speaker with agrammatic aphasia during his recovery process. The results revealed that the patient had the greatest difficulty with the TP, with a notable deficit in referring to the past tense. His sensitivity to the polarity items was severely impaired but had steadily been recovered. Although the data from Chinese agrammatism evinced the cross-linguistic demonstration, our results did not support the Tree Pruning Hypothesis. This study provided evidence for the theoretical analysis of the verbal le₁ and the sentence-final le₂. This study also shed light on the distinctions between finiteness and non-finiteness in the Chinese language.

General extenders in the speech of learners of English have become an important topic in the field of research on vague language. The majority of the relevant previous studies have been conducted using the interlanguage contrastive analysis approach, and very few of them have adopted other perspectives. The present paper is an attempt to investigate the main differences between general extenders in the speech of learners of English and those in the oral discourse of native speakers of English, as well as the corresponding causes, to analyze the main problems and weak points in previous studies and to explore possible future research topics based on a systemic analysis of the related literature in order to promote research on general extenders.

Resonance is a key notion in dialogic syntax. Based on the theories of state-of-affairs scenarios and dialogic resonance, this paper presents the dialogic coupling model of state-of-affairs scenarios to explore the metonymic inferencing mechanism for dialogic resonance. The proposal is that the extent of syntactic resonance is determined by the links among the elements of a scenario that are selected as the metonymic sources, and is also closely related to the strength of the metonymic link. The effort entailed in pragmatic reasoning also differs in accordance with the change in coupling among dialogic exchanges. This study presents a new perspective on pragmatic inferencing in dialogues by integrating the theories of metonymy and dialogic resonance, which will broaden the scope of neo-cognitive pragmatics.

This paper analyzes the narratives in early Native American writing, based on the concept of imagined communities which acts as an emotional catalyst, fusing conflicts caused by ethnic disparities to examine the potential of complex identities. By identifying two dimensions of early Native American writing—the emotion expressed in the literary works and the historical presence in space which strengthens this emotional effect—the members of the community complete the construction of identity. This process of identification forms a contradictory but coexisting tension in the new continent of North America. The narratives reveal the role of print-languages and simultaneity-along-time in founding the imagined community.

Tyou-renga, which dated from the Heian Period, is the most representative Japanese Waka. Although there are several papers on Tyou-renga in Chinese academic circles, not one has addressed Tyou-renga and its Chinese translation to date. With the aim of enriching the study of this work, and based on the fundamental types and theories pertaining to the Japanese Tyou-renga, this paper focuses on the overground Seninn-renga, the underground Seninn-renga, and the Generals’ Hyakui-renga as the main objects of study. Starting with a discussion of the basic types and main theories relating to the Japanese Tyou-renga, followed by a specific analysis of the primary source information about the style, the language, the rhetoric, and the sub-text of each Tyou-renga, this paper attempts to translate all the representative Tyou-renga into Chinese based on Venuti’s theory of foreignizing translation and domesticating translations, and to solve the problem of foreignization and domestication in the Chinese translation of the Japanese Tyou-renga.

The introduction of the generative artificial intelligence technology, has had an immediate and substantial impact on the mode of work of those involved in language content services, sparking a massive proliferation in its potential applications. In order to evaluate the performance of the Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) language model in translation practices, a translation quality assessment experiment combining automatic machine evaluation and manual evaluation was conducted. The results showed that the GPT language model does not constitute an iteration of machine translation technology in the field of translation but that it does provide a noticeable degree of quality improvement in Chinese-English translation, terminology translation, and literary translation, among other tasks. On this basis, some suggestions on how to respond to the changes brought by artificial intelligence technology to translation education are put forward.