Abstract: Tourism employment, with characteristics of low threshold, high capacity and demand, has important strategic value to the transition of Chinese social and economic development. Using questionnaire and semi-structured interview in Zhouzhuang, Nanxun, Wuzhen, and on the basis of literature review, the paperpointsout four hypotheses for the tourism development. According to data, three ancient town tourism practitioners attach their importance to education; there is no “crowding out effect” for tourism employment to education; although tourism is often regarded as the “low pay, high strength”, the tourism employment intensity and duration did not produce significant effect on family relationship; although tourism is seen as low technology content but high labor density industry, the tourism employment significantly enhanced people’s desire for knowledge; foreign tourism employment promotes local diligence and economic development, but the local tourism practitioners view foreign tourism employment to have increased their employment pressure.

Keywords: tourism employment; employment impact; the ancient town

摘要： 旅游就业具有低门槛、大容量、高需求的特征，对转型中国的社会经济发展具有重要的战略价值。基于问卷调查法、半结构访谈法，以周庄、南浔、乌镇三大古镇为案例地，在文献回顾和实践总结的基础上，概括提出了“旅游就业发展会对教育投入产生挤出效应”、“旅游就业将提升女性家庭地位”等4 个假设。统计分析结果显示，三大古镇旅游从业者重视教育，不存在旅游就业对教育的“挤出效应”；尽管旅游业常被看作“低报酬、高强度”的领域，但旅游就业强度和时长对家庭关系并没产生显著影响；尽管旅游业被视为低技术含量、高劳动密度的行业，但旅游就业却显著增强了从业者的求知欲望；外来旅游就业提升本地人勤奋程度、促进当地经济发展，但当地旅游从业者认为外来旅游就业增加了其就业压力。

关键词: 旅游就业, 就业影响, 古镇