Abstract:

Although the terminology that is used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) may appear dull and difficult to comprehend, understanding the underlying motivation will make the terminology easier to learn. In an interdisciplinary context, we can use cognitive linguistic theories to conduct research on the terminology that is used in TCM. Both linguistic and TCM researchers have obtained research results using this method. Previous theories of motivation have contributed to improvements in the theory of the motivations underlying TCM terminology; these motivations can be divided into external motivations and internal motivations. In this paper, we present a supplement and an amendment to the former theories of linguistic motivation, as we believe that cultural motivations should be included in internal motivations. As a component of internal motivations, cultural motivations can be divided into various types, such as philosophical thought motivations and family culture. Cultural motivations have influenced different aspects of the production of TCM terms to various degrees during different periods. The motivation of philosophical thought is mainly embodied in the three aspects of the metaphorical cognitive model of the corresponding holographic medical view of nature and man, the metaphorical cognitive model of Yin and Yang theory, and the metaphorical cognitive model of the five elements theory. The philosophical thought in TCM terminology can explain the meanings of quite a number of TCM terms, making the learning of TCM terms simple, interesting, and efficient.

Keywords: TCM terminology; philosophical thought; cultural motivations; metaphor; cognition

摘要：

中医术语虽然枯燥难懂，但其背后理据的挖掘却能让中医学习事半功倍。在跨学科背景下，我们可以运用认知语言学的理论和方法对中医术语的理据进行系统分析。基于以往的理据研究，笔者主张将文化理据纳入中医术语的内部理据，并将文化理据分为哲学思想、家庭文化等9种类型。本文重点讨论了其中的哲学思想理据，它主要体现在天人相应的隐喻认知模型、阴阳转化的隐喻认知模型、五行关系的隐喻认知模型等3个方面。中医术语的哲学思想可以解释大量中医术语的意义，使中医术语的学习变得更简单、有趣、高效。

关键词: 中医术语, 哲学思想, 文化理据, 隐喻, 认知