为及时、准确对外宣传北京市在落实首都城市战略定位、主动服务和融入新发展格局、全面贯彻新发展理念等方面取得的新成就，北二外中国公共政策翻译研究院与北京市外办翻译中心合作完成了2022年“首都关键词”翻译工作。

在2021年“首都关键词”成果基础上，今年“首都关键词”继续以北京市年度《政府工作报告》等重要文件为依托，共纳入28个关键词，分为高质量发展、规划建设、创新治理、营商环境、基层民生、科教文卫六个板块，聚焦首都发展新概念，突出城市治理新思路，涵盖便民惠企新政策，展示基层民生新举措。

关键词译文努力兼顾政策权威性和语言可读性，以期帮助海外读者从“小词”中读懂北京，了解中国，为宣传首都发展成就、促进北京国际交流贡献一份力量。

一、高质量发展

1. 两区

The “two zones”

即国家服务业扩大开放综合示范区、中国（北京）自由贸易试验区。在2020年中国国际服务贸易交易会上，习近平总书记亲自宣布支持北京建设国家服务业扩大开放综合示范区和以科技创新、服务业开放、数字经济为主要特征的自由贸易试验区。

They are the Integrated National Demonstration Zone for Increased Opening in the Service Sector, and the China (Beijing) Pilot Free Trade Zone. In his address at the 2020 China International Fair for Trade in Services, President Xi Jinping pledged support for Beijing to develop a national integrated demonstration zone for greater openness in the service sector, and to set up a pilot free trade zone focusing on technological innovation, opening-up of the service sector, and the digital economy.

2. 五子

The five initiatives

北京市在服务和融入新发展格局的紧要处落好“五子”,即建设国际科技创新中心、推进“两区”建设、发展数字经济、以供给侧结构性改革引领和创造新需求、深入推动以疏解北京非首都功能为“牛鼻子”的京津冀协同发展。

Beijing has launched five initiatives as part of the country’s efforts to pursue a new development approach: building Beijing into a global center for innovation; developing the “two zones”; growing the digital economy; creating and stimulating demand through supply-side structural reform, and advancing coordinated development between Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei by relocating functions non-essential to Beijing’s role as the capital city.

3. 国际消费中心城市

A global center for consumption

国际消费中心城市是现代国际化大都市的核心功能之一，是消费资源的集聚地，更是一国乃至全球消费市场的制高点，具有很强的消费引领和带动作用。2021年，经国务院批准，北京市率先开展国际消费中心城市建设。

This is one of the key features of an international metropolis. Such a city has a wide availability of products and services, and leads and boosts consumption as a premier national market or even as a center of the global market.

Approved by the State Council in 2021, Beijing leads the country in building a global center for consumption.

4. “五新”政策

Policies for growth in five areas

根据《关于加快培育壮大新业态新模式促进北京经济高质量发展的若干意见》，围绕把握新基建机遇、拓展新场景应用、挖掘新消费潜力、实施新开放举措、提升新服务效能5个方面分别提出相关政策措施，形成了“五新”政策体系。

In its Guidelines on faster development of new business forms and models to facilitate high-quality economic development in Beijing, the municipal government presented major policy measures for growth in five areas: developing new infrastructure, increasing new scenarios for applications, expanding areas to tap into the potential for consumption, promoting further opening-up, and providing more efficient and effective services.

5. 北京优农

Beijing premium agricultural produce (BPAP)

即北京优质农业品牌。2021年北京市首次发布《北京优农品牌目录》，共有130个品牌入选，包括平谷大桃等10个区域公用品牌、顺鑫控股等75个企业品牌、京一根等45个产品品牌。

It is a certification for Beijing’s quality agricultural brands. The Catalogue of Beijing Premium Agricultural Produce, initially released in 2021, contains 130 brands, including 10 geographical brands such as Pinggu Peaches, 75 corporate brands such as Shunxin Holdings and 45 product brands such as Jingyigen potato starch vermicelli.

二、规划建设

6. 城市更新

Urban renewal

即对城市建成区城市空间形态和城市功能的持续完善和优化调整，严控大拆大建，严守安全底线，严格生态保护，是小规模、渐进式、可持续的更新。主要聚焦以下几个方面：服务“四个中心”建设优化提升首都功能；城市公共空间、公共服务设施、市政交通等基础设施系统完善；居民住房条件、小区环境及配套设施优化改善；低效楼宇转型升级；历史文化街区保护利用；产业园区和老旧厂房改造更新等。

This refers to continuous efforts to improve and adjust the city’s spatial organization and urban functions in the developed areas. Beijing will strictly control large-scale demolition and construction, implement strict safety standards, and rigorously protect the ecosystem. This renewal is small scale, incremental and sustainable.

It focuses on the following: strengthening Beijing’s position as “the four centers” and the capital of the nation; improving infrastructure such as urban public spaces, public service facilities and public transportation; optimizing residential housing conditions as well as the environs and supporting facilities of residential communities; upgrading under- or mis-utilized buildings; protecting and utilizing historical and cultural areas, and transforming and renovating industrial parks and old industrial buildings.

7. 韧性城市

A resilient city

即具备在逆变环境中承受、适应和快速恢复能力的城市，是城市安全发展的新范式。主要指城市在面临自然和社会压力冲击，特别是遭受重大安全事故、极端天气、地震、洪涝、重大疫情等突发事件时，能够凭借其动态平衡、冗余缓冲和自我修复等特性，保持抗压、存续、适应和可持续发展的能力。北京市《关于加快推进韧性城市建设的指导意见》围绕城市空间韧性、工程韧性、管理韧性和社会韧性，对韧性城市建设进行了顶层设计。

This is a city that has an ability to withstand, adapt to and recover quickly from an adverse or changing environment. They represent a new paradigm for urban growth in a safe environment.

A city is resilient in the sense that it has built up a cushion against unexpected shocks, and it can reorient itself depending on the circumstances when a natural disaster or a major accident occurs, especially in the event of major safety accidents, extreme weather, earthquakes, floods, major epidemics and other emergencies. As a result, it is able to deal with the pressure, adapt, survive, and quickly return to the path of sustainable development. In its Guidelines on building a resilient city, the municipal government laid down a master plan for building up the city’s resilience in areas including urban space planning, construction, urban management and society.

8. 航空“双枢纽”  

Two aviation hubs

即首都国际机场和大兴国际机场。2019年9月25日，大兴国际机场正式通航，正式形成北京“一市两场”航空双枢纽发展格局。

These refer to Beijing Daxing International Airport, which opened on September 25th, 2019, and Beijing Capital International Airport. Beijing is now a city with two aviation hubs.

9. 多网融合

Integration of transit networks

即在持续推进城市轨道交通、市郊铁路、城际铁路、干线铁路四网融合的基础上，强化轨道交通与地面公交、自行车和步行等各种出行方式的融合衔接，提升接驳换乘便利度，实现轨道网、公交网和慢行网等多网融合发展。

As it continues its efforts to integrate urban and suburban rail services, intercity rail links and trunk railways, Beijing is also working on better connections between rail and other modes of transportation, such as bus services, cycling routes and pedestrian facilities. Such an integration makes it easier for travelers to change between different means of transportation, using a system of multiple transit networks that include rail, bus and slow traffic facilities.

10. 轨道微中心

Transit-centered communities

通过科学配置交通与空间资源，规划引导人口、城市功能和建设指标向站点周边合理布局和集聚，鼓励站点周边一体化区域优先实施土地整理和供应，在轨道站点周边形成一批活力共享、复合多元、高效集约、便捷出行、宜居宜业的城市空间。

Based on well-planned transportation networks and spatial organization, Beijing will develop a number of vibrant, mixed-use and compact communities centered around rail and subway stations. With complete facilities and services, these developments will be desirable places to live and work, with easy access to public transportation. They will be given priority for construction permits and land use.

三、创新治理

11. 京办、京通、京智

Jingban, Jingtong and Jingzhi mobile terminals

京办即全市综合办公平台，是面向市区街居四级的协同办公平台，是政务办公的统一入口，为全市各级政务工作人员提供协同办公服务。京通即全市统一公众服务平台，面向个人及法人用户，全面汇聚北京移动端政务、公共服务，实现线上线下联动的一体化统一服务，提供直达个人和企业的移动端服务。京智即全市统一的领导决策指挥应用综合服务平台。依托领导驾驶舱接入、整合和管理各级决策指挥类应用，向各级部门提供决策辅助；汇聚整合全市各级决策服务数据，为各级决策指挥类应用建设赋能，提升政府决策效能。

Jingban is an inter-agency office platform that serves as a unified work portal for government staff at the municipal, district, sub-district and community levels.

Jingtong is the city’s unified public service platform that coordinates online and offline services, and provides direct government and public services to individuals and businesses.

Jingzhi is a comprehensive service platform that combines and manages different categories of apps for decision-making, designed to facilitate informed decision-making of authorities at all levels. It also pools data across the city to bolster the development of such apps and improve the efficacy of government decision-making.

12. “七通一平”数字底座

Digital infrastructure for a smart city

即城市码、空间图、基础工具库、算力设施、感知体系、通信网络、政务云以及大数据平台（简称：一码、一图、一库、一算、一感、一网、一云、一平），是智慧城市建设中相互贯通的共性基础平台设施。通过“一图、一码、一感”和“一平”建立数据供给能力，通过“一云、一网”夯实数据承载能力，通过“一算、一库”提升数据智慧应用能力，综合集成向全市提供集约化、安全化、智慧化的共性资源和服务，全面推动数字化“全市一盘棋”协调发展。

This digital infrastructure consists of seven components, namely, the city QR code, spatial layout maps, basic toolkit, computing resources, sensing systems, telecommunications, and government cloud, plus a big data platform. They combine to form a shared and interconnected foundation platform to make Beijing a smart city.

The city QR code, spatial layout maps, sensing systems and the big data platform ensure full data supply; the government cloud and telecommunication networks offer strong data carrying capacity, while computing resources and the basic toolkit improve the smart application of such data. Together they provide the city with comprehensive resources and services that are efficient, safe and smart, under one uniform system to digitize all areas of city management.

13. “一微克”行动

The “every microgram counts” initiative

是一项针对北京大气污染防治的长期任务，强调细颗粒物治理要一个微克一个微克去抠，综合运用科技、执法、管理等手段，实施大气污染精准治理。

This is a long-term initiative for controlling Beijing’s air pollution. It uses a combination of targeted measures to achieve its purpose, including technology, enforcement and compliance, and management measures. Under this initiative, each and every microgram of emission reduction counts.

14. 局处长走流程

Responsible officials experiencing their own services

即局处级干部以企业和办事群众的身份，线上、线下全程体验业务办事流程，以群众“懂不懂”、流程“通不通”、体验“好不好”为标尺，深入查找经办服务中的痛点堵点，通过打通政策落地“最后一公里”、优化政策制定“最初一公里”，推动政策服务切实落地落实落细。

This is a practice wherein government officials at the levels of director-general and division director, acting as private citizens or business representatives, go through the process of obtaining public services or conducting official business both online and off. The practice is used to determine whether the processes are “easy to understand” and “accessible”, and whether the experience is “satisfactory”.

This is an attempt to deal with the “last mile” in policy implementation and improve effectiveness at the “front end” of the policy-making process. It helps deliver practical and quality services to the people with attention paid to details.

四、营商环境

15. “6+4”一体化综合监管体系

The “6+4” regulatory system

即探索实施风险监管、信用监管、分级分类监管、协同监管、科技监管、共治监管等6项基本制度，在多部门监管场景中试点推行“一业一册”、“一业一单”、“一业一查”、“一业一评”等4项场景化措施。

The “6+4” regulatory system refers to six basic regulatory mechanisms: risk monitoring, credit supervision, tiered and industry specific supervision, collaborative supervision, technology-based monitoring and joint supervision by regulators and the public. A “four ones” system has been introduced in the pilot program for supervision involving multiple agencies: one regulatory compliance manual, one checklist, one consolidated inspection and one credit and risk assessment for each industry.

16. 服务包

Service packages

是北京市优化营商环境、服务企业发展的一项工作制度。根据企业定位提供普惠性政策集成，解决信息不对称问题；并针对企业发展中需要协调帮助的困难，依法依规量身定制解决方案。

These are services provided by Beijing to improve the city’s business environment and serve the needs of businesses. The packages include a combination of preferential policies which suit the businesses’ positioning, which are designed to overcome information asymmetry, and which, within the framework of laws and regulations, offer tailor-made solutions for their difficulties.

17. 告知承诺制

The notification and compliance requirement

即有关政府部门一次性公布告知申请人所申请事项的办理条件、标准、技术要求、所需材料，申请人以书面（含电子文本）形式承诺其符合办理条件，并承担相应违反承诺的后果，有关政府部门直接作出同意决定的方式。

This requires departments in charge of administrative approvals to notify applicants in one go of the conditions, standards and technical requirements to be met, documents to be submitted and legal responsibilities to be fulfilled.

If an applicant pledges in written form (including e-text) to meet all the criteria, to assume full responsibility for any violations, and to bear any consequences of false representation, then the application is approved on the spot.

18. 无感审批

Smart review and approval system (SRAS)

无感审批是指通过语音识别、人脸识别等技术，强化身份认证、智能授权、自动填表等功能，企业群众无需出示证件、无需填写表单就能拿到审批文件，实现“无感”审批、“省心”办事。

北京市已在城市副中心建成智能政务服务大厅，建立以区块链技术为支撑的政务信息资源共享和业务协同机制，开展“秒批”、“无感审批”等智能场景应用，实现更多事项全程网办或智能办事终端办理。

The SRAS is an online application, review and approval system. It uses speech recognition, facial recognition, and other artificial intelligence technologies for identity authentication, smart authorization, automatic form filling, and other functions.

Through the SRAS, businesses or individuals that apply for authorization or registration can obtain approvals without having to provide physical identity documents or fill out any forms. It reduces the paperwork involved, thus simplifying the application process.

Beijing has opened at the Municipal Administrative Center a smart government service center and launched a blockchain-based platform, enabling government information and resources sharing and collaborative work. This allows government departments and agencies to handle applications “within seconds”, all via online portals or intelligent terminals.

19. 监管沙盒

Regulatory sandbox

监管沙盒作为一个受监督的安全测试区，对在“箱子”里的企业，由监管部门采取包容审慎的监管措施，在可控的范围之内实行容错纠错，对运行过程进行全程监管。企业在真实的市场环境中测试创新产品、服务和商业模式，有助于减少创新理念进入市场的时间与潜在成本和监管的不确定性。2019年北京市获国务院批准探索“监管沙盒”机制，并率先在全国开展金融科技创新监管试点。

A regulatory sandbox is a controlled “box” or environment under a regulator’s close oversight that allows experiments with new business forms and models. The regulators adopt a tolerant and prudent approach to problems that may arise in the “sandbox”. This enables a fault-tolerant and error-correcting mechanism to be applied within a manageable range.

It allows businesses to experiment with new products, services and models in a real market environment, cut costs and shorten their time to market. In 2019, Beijing received State Council approval for its pilot regulatory sandbox proposal, and was the first in China to use it on fintech.

五、基层民生

20. 两个“关键小事”

Two important “minor” details

即垃圾分类和物业管理，是近年来北京市提升市民生活质量和城市精细化治理能力的重要抓手。

These are waste sorting and property management, which have in recent years become the focus of government efforts to improve the life of the people through meticulous municipal management.

21. 每月一题

“One issue per month”

即接诉即办“每月一题”机制，2021年起，北京市从上年度12345热线市民诉求中筛选出基层和市民普遍反映突出、长期解决不好、适合在市级层面制定新政策统筹解决的问题，采取高位推动、每月调度、重点督办的方式，每月围绕1个主题、选取2-3个具体问题，每个问题由一位分管市领导统筹、一个部门牵头负主责，相关单位协同配合，积极推动问题解决，提升群众的获得感。

This is a mechanism for dealing with public complaints.  In 2021, Beijing began to select thorny chronic issues that call for municipal-level policies and coordination from among public complaints made via the “12345” hotline in the previous year.

Each month, one such issue with two to three specific problems is addressed through action initiatives, deployment planning and focused supervision. For each issue, a lead department works under a municipal leader responsible for coordinating cross-departmental efforts, in order to solve the issue to the public’s satisfaction.

22. 时间银行

Time banking

即以时间银行模式发展为老公益志愿服务，主要包括构建市、区、街道（乡镇）三级养老服务时间银行管理体系，统一搭建养老服务时间银行信息管理平台，规范制定养老志愿服务实施流程。时间银行以1个小时为一个服务时间单位，以时间币的方式进行记录储蓄。志愿者在本人或其配偶达到60周岁且有服务需求时，通过时间币进行兑换，可享受其他志愿者提供的养老志愿服务。

Time banking is a mode of voluntary service for the benefit of senior citizens. Beijing will develop a three-tiered time banking system for eldercare at the city, district, and sub-district/township levels. For this purpose, it will put in place an integrated information platform and standard procedures.

Time banking uses one hour as a service time unit and records savings in the form of time coins. When volunteers or their spouses who have reached the age of 60 need care services, they may redeem services from other volunteers with their previously credited service hours in the Time Bank.

23. 一抓三保五强化

One focus on employment with three priorities and five measures

是北京市推动实现更加充分更高质量就业的综合举措，“一抓”即坚持把就业体系运行机制建设，作为落实就业优先战略的重要抓手；“三保”即始终把保障重点群体就业，保障中小微企业发展，保障创新创业作为稳保就业的基础、守住底线的关键，加大政策和资金支持力度；“五强化”即强化政策系统性、服务便利性、市场主导性、培训实效性、执法针对性。该做法作为典型经验受到国务院办公厅表扬。

This is a package of policy measures aimed at fuller and higher-quality employment. Their focus is on improving operations of the employment system, which is key to our employment strategy.

The three priorities are ensuring employment access for priority groups, providing development opportunities for SMEs, and encouraging and promoting innovation and entrepreneurship. These are critical measures that hold the line on employment. Policy and financial support for these measures will be increased. The five measures are efforts to formulate more consistent policies, make services more easily accessible, give the market a greater role, offer more effective training, and improve law enforcement.

This approach was cited as a best practice by the General Office of the State Council.

六、科教文卫

24. 朱雀计划

The Zhuque Plan

即朱雀人才——科技项目经理人计划，主要引进培养一批具有科学家思维、工程师技能，拥有创新资源调配能力的高端项目管理人才，主要服务于国家实验室、新型研发机构等重点科研机构和“三城一区”等重点区域建设。

Zhuque is a legendary Chinese bird which symbolizes talent. The Zhuque Plan is a talent recruitment program for sci-tech project managers. It aims to attract and develop high-caliber project managers who understand scientists’ needs, possess engineering skills and are able to mobilize resources for innovation. They will work at important research institutes including national laboratories and new- type R&D institutions, as well as in key development areas such as the “three science cities and one hi-tech area”.

25. “三校一院”交钥匙项目

Turn-key projects of “three schools and one hospital”

北京市采取“交钥匙”工程方式，在雄安新区建设高水平幼儿园、小学、完全中学、综合医院各1所，北京市负责投资建设，建成后移交雄安新区，由雄安新区委托北京市一流的教育集团、医疗集团进行管理。“三校一院”交钥匙项目分别由北京市北海幼儿园、史家胡同小学、北京四中、宣武医院提供办学办医支持。

These projects including a kindergarten, a primary school, a secondary school and a general hospital are financed and built by Beijing. Upon completion, they will be transferred to the jurisdiction of Xiong'an New Area, which will then invite first-class education and medical groups from Beijing to operate them: Beijing Beihai Kindergarten, Shijia Hutong Primary School, Beijing No. 4 High School and Xuanwu Hospital.

26. 一村一室

One clinic per village

即每个行政村设置一个卫生室（站）。为优化资源配置，加强农村卫生服务，北京市于2021年在650个无医疗机构的行政村建设村卫生室（社区卫生站），全面补齐“一村一室”建设短板。

This initiative aims to deliver better health service in the rural areas of Beijing with improved allocation of medical resources. In 2021, clinics were built in 650 villages which previously had no medical facilities, thus ensuring a clinic in every administrative village.

27. 漫步北京

Roaming Beijing

为引导市民和游客有序旅游、促进文旅消费，北京市于2020年启动“漫步北京”都市休闲游品牌计划。两年来，围绕北京四季特点、传统节假日、中轴线申遗、北京建筑文化、慢行交通系统、城市更新复兴等主题，推出了几十条休闲旅游线路，逐步成为市民和游客深度感知北京的出行新指南。

In 2020, Beijing launched “Roaming Beijing”, a citywide project to promote leisure activities and tourism for both residents and visitors. Over the last two years, Beijing has rolled out dozens of tourist routes, both vehicular and pedestrian. These take into account seasonal changes and traditional holidays, follow the “Central Axis” through the city that is now applying for UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site status, and showcase Beijing’s traditional architecture and modern locations. “Roaming Beijing” has become a new way for both residents and tourists to explore the city in depth.

28. 双奥之城

The "Dual Olympics City"

The Summer and Winter Olympics City

“双奥之城”指既举办过夏季奥运会又举办过冬季奥运会的城市。 继2008年夏奥会之后，2022年冬奥会成功举办，北京成为世界上首座“双奥之城”。

This refers to Beijing being the only city in the world to date to have hosted both the Summer Olympics (2008) and the Winter Olympics (2022).