大学英语学业拖延与外语焦虑动态共变机制——混合方法研究

doi:10.12002/j.bisu.649

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

学业拖延与外语焦虑是大学英语学习中普遍存在的认知行为与情绪问题，二者的密切关联已得到学界关注。然而，现有研究多采用静态相关分析，对其动态共变机制揭示不足，且较少采用量化与质性相结合的混合研究设计，难以有效支撑大学英语分层教学与精准干预实践。本研究以复杂动态系统理论为指导，采用潜在剖面分析与回溯定性建模相结合的混合方法，对695名大学英语学习者进行了系统考察，结果表明：①依据拖延与焦虑水平可划分出5种典型类型，其中核心学习任务高拖延高焦虑型为占比最高的风险群体；②二者受个体、课堂与制度等多层面因素共同影响，形成相互强化的双向动态反馈。研究揭示了学业拖延与外语焦虑的动态共变机制，可为大学英语教学中的情感与行为干预提供实证依据，也能为外语教育领域的混合方法研究提供参考。

关键词: 大学英语教学; 学业拖延; 外语焦虑; 动态共变机制; 潜在剖面分析; 回溯定性建模; 混合方法

Abstract:

Academic procrastination and foreign language anxiety (FLA) are prevalent cognitive-behavioral and affective challenges in college English learning. While their close correlation has attracted academic attention, existing studies have predominantly relied on static correlation analysis, leaving the dynamic covariation mechanisms underexplored. Furthermore, the lack of mixed-methods designs combining quantitative and qualitative approaches limits practical support for stratified instruction and precision intervention in college English education. Guided by Complex Dynamic Systems Theory, this study employs a mixed-methods design integrating latent profile analysis (LPA) and retrodictive qualitative modeling (RQM) to systematically investigate 695 college English learners. The results indicate that: (1) Five profiles were identified based on levels of procrastination and anxiety, with the “High Procrastination & High Anxiety on Core Tasks” group emerging as the most prevalent at-risk population. (2) The interaction between the two constructs is shaped by multi-level factors, including individual, classroom, and institutional dimensions, forming a mutually reinforcing bidirectional dynamic feedback loop. This study reveals the dynamic covariation mechanisms between academic procrastination and FLA, provides empirical evidence for affective and behavioral interventions in college English teaching, and offers a methodological reference for mixed-methods research in the field of foreign language education.

Keywords: college English teaching; academic procrastination; foreign language anxiety; dynamic covariation mechanism; latent profile analysis; retrodictive qualitative modeling; mixed methods

中图分类号:

H319

王永亮, 郭宇萌. 大学英语学业拖延与外语焦虑动态共变机制——混合方法研究[J]. 北京第二外国语学院学报, 2026, 48(3): 69-83.

Wang Yongliang, Guo Yumeng. Dynamic Covariation Mechanisms of Academic Procrastination and Foreign Language Anxiety in College English Learning: A Mixed-Methods Study[J]. Journal of Beijing International Studies University, 2026, 48(3): 69-83.

图/表 4

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变量/统计量	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1.期末论文	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
2.备考	0.708**	—	—	—	—	—	—
3.阅读作业	0.699**	0.723**	—	—	—	—	—
4.学业管理	0.443**	0.504**	0.582**	—	—	—	—
5.实践	0.414**	0.452**	0.522**	0.716**	—	—	—
6.一般学业活动	0.401**	0.438**	0.486**	0.603**	0.702**	—	—
7.焦虑	0.410**	0.390**	0.379**	0.294**	0.256**	0.246**	—
M	3.037	3.271	3.084	2.662	2.604	2.645	3.353
SD	0.865	0.887	0.847	0.891	0.884	0.863	0.723

变量/统计量	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1.期末论文	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
2.备考	0.708**	—	—	—	—	—	—
3.阅读作业	0.699**	0.723**	—	—	—	—	—
4.学业管理	0.443**	0.504**	0.582**	—	—	—	—
5.实践	0.414**	0.452**	0.522**	0.716**	—	—	—
6.一般学业活动	0.401**	0.438**	0.486**	0.603**	0.702**	—	—
7.焦虑	0.410**	0.390**	0.379**	0.294**	0.256**	0.246**	—
M	3.037	3.271	3.084	2.662	2.604	2.645	3.353
SD	0.865	0.887	0.847	0.891	0.884	0.863	0.723

剖面数	AIC	BIC	aBIC	Entropy	LMR p	BLRT p	类别概率%
1	12243.369	12306.984	12262.532	—	—	—	—
2	10996.665	11096.632	11026.778	0.893	< 0.001	< 0.001	21.2/78.9
3	10380.451	10516.769	10421.513	0.891	< 0.001	< 0.001	15.1/16.8/68.1
4	10106.204	10278.873	10158.216	0.882	< 0.001	< 0.001	5.2/15.1/19.4/60.3
5	9321.759	10030.779	9884.721	0.882	< 0.001	< 0.001	5.8/11.9/13.7/16.1/52.5
6	9727.020	9972.392	9800.932	0.811	0.0933	< 0.001	4.9/11.1/11.2/12.8/29.5/30.5

剖面数	AIC	BIC	aBIC	Entropy	LMR p	BLRT p	类别概率%
1	12243.369	12306.984	12262.532	—	—	—	—
2	10996.665	11096.632	11026.778	0.893	< 0.001	< 0.001	21.2/78.9
3	10380.451	10516.769	10421.513	0.891	< 0.001	< 0.001	15.1/16.8/68.1
4	10106.204	10278.873	10158.216	0.882	< 0.001	< 0.001	5.2/15.1/19.4/60.3
5	9321.759	10030.779	9884.721	0.882	< 0.001	< 0.001	5.8/11.9/13.7/16.1/52.5
6	9727.020	9972.392	9800.932	0.811	0.0933	< 0.001	4.9/11.1/11.2/12.8/29.5/30.5