关键词: 得了; 词汇层; 句法层; 隐喻; 评价系统

Abstract: Evaluative expression is a social activity in which the evaluator conveys the evaluative results to others consciously and purposefully with the help of certain symbolic system. Therefore, all the language symbols which indicate or imply speakers’ standpoints, feelings, attitudes and deal with the relationship, such as vocabulary, syntactic structure and discourse, all belong to the category of evaluation. The modern Chinese evaluation system is an orderly system composed of sublevels of the language signs within the evaluation category. Based on the above re-definition and re-classification of the evaluation system within the framework of the Systemic Functional Linguistics, firstly the present work combines the methods of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. Secondly, it collects statistics of language data, analyzes the expression forms of evaluation system at different levels of language field through the modal particle Dele(得了). At the level of vocabulary, “Dele(得了)” may be used alternately with evaluative adverbs, meta-language and adjectives to emphasize and reflect subjectively speaker’s strong feelings, emotions, attitudes and standpoints. At the level of syntax, the combination of evaluation system and Dele(得了) has its own sentence structure and in most cases tends to use causative sentence pattern. Evaluation system can also be expressed in the form of metaphor, mainly including modality metaphor and mood metaphor. To sum up, the evaluation system can be reflected variously at each level of language field. The use of different evaluative expression depends on the speaker’s attitudes, expressive habits, occasions, etc.

Keywords: Dele; vocabulary; syntax; metaphor; evaluation system