北京第二外国语学院学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (3): 47-60.DOI: 10.12002/j.bisu.586

• 语言学研究(“体认语言学”专栏 主持人:王寅) • 上一篇    下一篇

英汉两种语言“对应”与“对称”之别——基于体认语言学再议作为汉语最重要语法机制的对称性

王寅()   

  1. 四川外国语大学,重庆 400031
  • 出版日期:2025-06-30 发布日期:2025-07-31
  • 作者简介:王寅,四川外国语大学资深教授,博士生导师,400031,研究方向:语言哲学、认知/体认语言学、翻译学等。电子邮箱:angloamerican@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“体认翻译学”的后续成果(18FYY021)

The Difference Between “Correspondence and Symmetry” in English and Chinese: Revisiting Symmetry as the Most Important Grammatical Mechanism in Chinese Based on Embodied-Cognitive Linguistics

Wang Yin()   

  1. Sichuan International Studies University, Chongqing 400031, China
  • Online:2025-06-30 Published:2025-07-31

摘要:

世界上普遍存在对称现象,根据体认语言学的核心原则“现实—认知—语言”,人们在心智中形成了“对称性体认方式”,语言中也就产生了很多对称表达。特别是在汉语中,从音、字、词到句、章,各层面都出现了大量的对称现象,我们拟将其视为属于孤立语的汉语之最重要语法机制。与之相比,像英语一类的屈折语,词进入句子后必须根据句法规则调整词形,以使词性对应于句法成分,这便是“词本位”语法理论。近年来,很多学者发现用该理论来构建汉语语法体系多有不妥,因此在我国出现了多种本位论,但这些理论都忽视了汉语广泛使用的“对称法”。在进行英汉对比研究时必须重视对应法与对称法之别,这对语言的研究和教学具有重要意义。

关键词: 英汉对比; 对应; 对称; 词本位; 体认语言学

Abstract:

According to the core principle of Embodied-Cognitive Linguistics, “Reality-Cognition-Language”, we have developed “symmetrical embodied cognitive strategy” in our minds due to the ubiquitous phenomenon of symmetry in the external world; this has led to the emergence of numerous symmetrical expressions in language, particularly in Chinese, in which a large number of symmetrical phenomena appear at various levels, such as phonetics, characters, vocabulary, syntax, and discourse. We intend to regard this as the most important grammatical mechanism in Chinese, which belongs to the category of “isolating languages”. By contrast, languages such as English, which are “inflecting languages”, require word forms to be adjusted according to grammatical rules when included in a sentence to maintain a strict correspondence between word classes and syntactic components. This is called the “word-based” grammatical theory. In recent years, many scholars have found this theory to be unsuitable for constructing Chinese grammar; although various X-based theories have emerged in China, they have all overlooked “the symmetrical strategy” that is widely used in Chinese. When conducting comparative studies of English and Chinese, it is essential to emphasize the difference between “correspondence and symmetry”, as this difference is important for language research and teaching.

Keywords: English-Chinese contrast; correspondence; symmetry; word-based grammatical theory; Embodied-Cognitive Linguistics

中图分类号: