北京第二外国语学院学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 145-162.DOI: 10.12002/j.bisu.582

• 青年学者论坛 • 上一篇    

现代汉语离合词研究之检视——兼谈对研究前景的思考与展望

王浩铭(), 张和友()   

  1. 北京师范大学,北京 100875
  • 出版日期:2025-04-30 发布日期:2025-06-05
  • 作者简介:王浩铭,北京师范大学文学院,100875,研究方向:生成框架下的汉语词法句法研究。电子邮箱:haomingbnu@163.com
    张和友,博士,北京师范大学文学院教授,博士生导师,100875,研究方向:形式语言学。电子邮箱:hyhm@bnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重大项目“形式语义学的汉语研究与形式语义学理论创新”(22&ZD295)

A Review of the Research on Separable Words in Modern Chinese: Thoughts and Views for Future Research

Wang Haoming(), Zhang Heyou()   

  1. Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
  • Online:2025-04-30 Published:2025-06-05

摘要:

本文系统地回顾了自《汉语的构词法》(陆志韦等,1957)问世以来语言学界关于现代汉语离合词的理论研究。其中,基于传统语法的离合词研究主要着眼于分析和界定离合词的性质,基于现代语言学理论的研究则主要在传统语法研究的基础上分析离合词的形成方式,并尝试解释现代汉语中存在离合词的深层次原因。但是,相关分析在具有一定解释力的同时,也都存在一些值得商榷的地方。本文认为,现代汉语离合词研究尚需在离合现象的描写、离析形式的界定、离合词典型特征的刻画、离合词的跨语言/方言比较等方面,进行更全面、更深入的探索。离合词这一看似违反西方关于“词”理论的“另类”,究竟是显示了汉语的某些特殊属性或本质,还是能够在世界语言的普遍现象中找到“容身之所”,仍有待学者更深入地探究。

关键词: 离合词; 离析形式; 典型特征; 跨语言/方言比较; 研究综述与前景

Abstract:

The theoretical research on separable words in Modern Chinese since the publication of Word Formation in Chinese (Lu Zhiwei et al., 1957) is systematically reviewed in this paper. Among the studies, research based on traditional grammar has mainly focused on defi ning the nature of separable words, while research based on modern linguistic theories has analyzed the formation methods of separable words and has attempted to explain the underlying reasons for their existence in Modern Chinese. However, there are many inadequacies in these studies despite their explanatory strengths. In this paper, we argue that the study of separable words in Modern Chinese requires a more comprehensive and in-depth exploration of areas such as describing the phenomena entailed in separation, defining the forms of separation, identifying the typical characteristics of separable words, and conducting cross-language and cross-dialect comparisons. The seeming oddity in Modern Chinese, which appears to contradict Western theories about words, raises the question of whether it reveals certain unique properties or the essence of Chinese, or whether it should be understood within the context of universal phenomena in world languages. This necessitates further investigation and research.

Keywords: separable words; forms of separation; typical characteristics; crosslanguage/ cross-dialect comparisons; research review and prospects

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