关键词: 陀思妥耶夫斯基; 五大思想小说; “多余人”形象; 根基主义思想

Abstract: In the history of Russian literature, the character type of “superfluous man” originates in A. Pushkin’s verse novel Yevgeniy Onegin. The westernized figures in F. Dostoevsky’s five key ideological novels, such as Raskolnikov in Crime and Punishment, Ippolit in The Idiot, Stavrogin in The Demons, Versilov in The Youth and Ivan Karamazov in The Brothers Karamazov,can be regarded as descendants or variants of “superfluous man”. This kind of “superfluous man” appears in Dostoevsky’s novels mainly as the radical westernizers. They inherit their spiritual father—Onegin’s typical characteristics, such as longing for truth and action at first, falling into confusion and existential boredom without a way out in the prime of life, and even jeopardizing the native people and homeland in the end. Besides these exterior features, Dostoevsky also reveals the immanent cause of their spiritual commonness. In Dostoevsky’s view, the father-and-sons of “superfluous man” as the elites of Russian intelligentsia are attracted by European civilizations and entirely enticed by the western rationalism, which are quite alien to traditional Russian culture, especially to the Russian Orthodoxy. Trusting in those foreign ideas leads to the radical westernizers’ alienation from the native people and traditions. They become spiritual wanderers in their hometown and even do harm to the cultural traditions of Russia. Dostoevsky’s idea of pochvennichestvo is clearly reflected in his complicated feelings of love and hate towards these westernizers as “superfluous man” in his five ideological novels.

Keywords: Dostoevsky; five ideological novels; westernizers as “superfluous man”; pochvennichestvo